华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 102-115.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.06.007

• 农村教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

城镇化背景下的农村儿童早期发展与其照养人养育行为关系的实证研究

张偲琪1, 史耀疆1, 王蕾2, 杨宁1, 刘步瑶1, 党瑞瑞1, 白钰1   

  1. 1. 陕西师范大学教育实验经济研究所,西安 710119;
    2. 陕西师范大学国际商学院,西安 710119
  • 发布日期:2020-06-23
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目“农村劳动力外出务工对留守儿童早期发展的影响机制研究”(71703084);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B16031);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2019TS043);国家自然科学基金资助项目“贫困农村0—3岁养育干预对婴幼儿早期发展的绩效评估与作用机理的实验研究”(71803108);陕西师范大学教师教育研究专项“西部农村地区儿童早期发展对其幼儿入园选择的影响研究”(JSJY2017021)

Urbanization and Human Capital: Early Childhood Development in Rural China

Zhang Siqi1, Shi Yaojiang1, Wang Lei2, Yang Ning1, Liu Buyao1, Dang Ruirui1, Bai Yu1   

  1. 1. Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
    2. International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
  • Published:2020-06-23

摘要: 人力资本是经济发展的重要动力,儿童早期发展对人力资本积累至关重要,而照养人的养育行为对儿童早期发展水平具有重要影响。在我国实施城镇化的背景下,农村儿童早期发展水平关系到未来城镇化的程度及未来经济发展水平。本文采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第III版(BSID-III)及自制家庭量表,在我国中西部贫困农村地区、城镇化进程中形成的移民安置社区、大城市流动人口社区和失地农民社区抽样调查了1254名月龄为6—36个月农村儿童及其照养人,分析不同农村地区儿童早期发展水平及其照养人养育行为现状,并进一步分析城镇化背景下新型农村家庭居住的移民安置社区、流动人口社区和失地农民社区儿童早期发展水平与其照养人养育行为的关系。结果表明:在贫困农村地区及城镇化进程中形成的农村家庭居住地区,(1)农村儿童早期发展水平普遍存在滞后风险;(2)农村儿童主要照养人普遍缺乏科学养育行为;(3)农村儿童早期发展滞后风险与其照养人的积极养育行为显著负相关。因此,在城镇化背景下,应从家庭和国家层面转变教育观念,重视0—3岁农村儿童早期发展,提高我国农村儿童早期发展水平,推进城镇化进程中早期人力资本发展,促进人力资本积累。

关键词: 城镇化, 农村人力资本, 儿童早期发展, 养育行为

Abstract: Human capital is an important driver of economic growth in the process of urbanization. It is important to improve early childhood development (ECD) since ECD is essential for human capital accumulation. In the process of human capital accumulation, parenting practices play a very important role in ECD. Using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (BSID-III) and household survey form, we examine the rates of developmental delays among 6-36 months old infant/toddler in four major types of rural communities in China. We also explore the relationship between parenting practices and ECD. The results show that: 1) the shares of developmental delays are high in our samples; 2) only a small share of caregivers engages in the interactive parenting practices with their infant/toddler; 3) interactive parenting practices are significantly and negatively associated with developmental delays. Under the background of urbanization, early childhood development in rural communities urgently requires more attention if China hopes to build up enough human capital towards a high-income economy.

Key words: urbanization, human capital, ECD, parenting practices