儿童早期发展项目:拉丁美洲的实践和政策推广

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 个体生命的最初1000天是大脑发育的关键时期，同时也是人的一生中人口资本投资回报率最高的时期。在拉丁美洲国家如墨西哥和秘鲁，尽管儿童的健康和营养状况已经得到较大改善，但其在认知、语言、社会情感方面仍未得到充分发展，儿童早期发展滞后情况仍然比较严重。为了解决这个问题，拉丁美洲国家在儿童早期发展领域不断进行尝试，通过家访计划等项目改变照养人的养育行为，从而改善儿童早期发展滞后问题。通过介绍拉丁美洲国家儿童早期发展项目的试点（牙买加项目）及其政策推广（秘鲁SAF项目），并用科学的影响评估方法测量项目效果及存在的问题，为中国政府在儿童早期发展领域的实践提供借鉴，希望能够加大国家在儿童早期发展领域的投入，推广解决中国农村贫困地区儿童早期发展问题的政策，共同促进儿童早期的全面发展，提高国家人力资本实力，促进经济发展。

关键词: 儿童早期发展, 拉丁美洲, 政策推广

Abstract: The first 1,000 days are crucial for brain development and the investment in this period of time has the greatest return relative to other life stages. In Latin American countries such as Mexico and Peru, although children's health and nutrition have greatly improved, they have not sufficiently developed in terms of cognition, language and social-emotional, and there has been a high rate of delay in early childhood development (ECD). In order to solve this problem, Latin American countries have been making continuous efforts to promote the early childhood development, such as the "Home Visit Program". Based on the experience of ECD programs conducted in Latin American countries (Jamaica Project, which was a pilot ECD program, and Peru SAF Project, which was a model of ECD policy promotion), this paper makes a in-depth analysis of the impact evaluation of ECD program and provides some revelation for Chinese government to make ECD polices in rural China.

Key words: early childhood development, Latin America, policy promotion

诺伯特·斯查迪, 贤悦, 王蕾, 白钰. 儿童早期发展项目:拉丁美洲的实践和政策推广[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2019, 37(3): 149-156.

Norbort Schady, Xian Yue, Wang Lei, Bai Yu. Early Childhood Development Program: Practice and Policy Promotion in Latin America[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2019, 37(3): 149-156.

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