中国农村贫困地区儿童早期认知发展现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着中国人口老龄化的增加和全球经济时代的到来，认知资本成为经济可持续发展的关键，而儿童早期认知发展对其生命后续阶段的能力发展乃至整个国家的发展都尤为重要。通过使用来自中国农村贫困地区的调查数据和贝利婴幼儿发展量表第III版（BSID-III），本研究有如下发现：（1）在中国农村贫困地区，儿童早期认知发展存在滞后风险的比例高达40%以上，但是有明显的城乡差异，城市婴幼儿的总体认知发展水平（认知发展存在滞后风险的比例为25.53%）要好于农村婴幼儿（认知发展存在滞后风险的比例为43.78%）；（2）照养人的养育知识、养育行为与婴幼儿认知发展水平显著相关，但是在加入户口类型后，养育行为与儿童早期认知发展水平之间的关系不再显著，这可能是由照养人的养育行为在城乡间的"数量"和"质量"差异所导致的结果。因此，未来中国政府不仅需要强化和完善0-3岁儿童早期发展方面的公共政策和服务体系，还应在此过程中不断加强对家庭成员在养育孩子的意识、知识和行为方面的培训和教育，切实改善农村贫困地区儿童早期认知发展现状。

关键词: 农村贫困地区, 婴幼儿, 认知发展, 养育知识, 养育行为

Abstract:

With the rapid aging population and economic globalization, cognitive capital has become critical for sustainable economic development in China. Early childhood cognitive development has a lasting impact later in life, which is vital to China's national development. The current study used the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development Ⅲ to study a sample of children in impoverished areas of western China. We used this data to describe the status of early childhood development in China and analyze determinants of cognitive development during early childhood. The results show that cognitive developmental delays are common among rural children in underdeveloped areas. The proportion of children showing developmental delays is 40% and above. It also reveals significant rural-urban differences, with urban children tending to show higher levels of cognitive development (The proportion of children showing developmental delays is 25.53% in urban areas and 43.78% in rural areas). Our findings also show that parenting behavior and parenting knowledge of caregivers are closely related to the level of infants' cognitive development. However, when controlling for Hukou type, the relationship between parenting behavior and cognitive development becomes insignificant. We believe this may be due to the difference between urban and rural areas in both the "quality and quantity" of parenting behaviors. To bridge this gap, it's suggested that the Chinese government not only strengthen and improve public policies and service systems for the development of children aged 0-3, but also invest in education and parenting training to ensure that caregivers pay more attention to cultivating awareness, knowledge, and good behavior in their children. All this can help to effectively improve the status of children's early cognitive development in rural areas.

Key words: impoverished rural areas, infants, cognitive development, parenting knowledge, parenting behavior

李英, 贾米琪, 郑文廷, 汤蕾, 白钰. 中国农村贫困地区儿童早期认知发展现状及影响因素研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2019, 37(3): 17-32.

Li Ying Jia Miqi Zheng Wenting Tang Lei Bai Yu. Status and Determinants of Early Childhood CognitiveDevelopment in Poor Rural China[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2019, 37(3): 17-32.

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