华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 96-112.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.01.007

• 基础教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国儿童道德情感发展的动态演变及生态系统模型建构——基于三轮大样本实证调查

孙彩平1, 葛丹丹1,2   

  1. 1. 南京师范大学道德教育研究所，南京 210024
    2. 南京工程学院学生工作处，南京 211167
  • 出版日期:2025-01-01 发布日期:2024-12-24
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“新时代儿童整体道德风貌动态跟踪数据库建设”（22JJD880029）。

Dynamic Evolution and Ecosystem Modeling of Chinese Children’s Moral Emotional Development: Based on Three Rounds of Large-scale Empirical Surveys

Caiping Sun1, Dandan Ge1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Moral Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
    2. Department of Student Affairs, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
  • Online:2025-01-01 Published:2024-12-24

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摘要：

道德情感是品德现实化的动力因素，是考察儿童知行统一性的关键点。基于2016、2019、2022年中国儿童道德发展的大样本整体动态数据（77953，77367，79914），采用回归分析、夏普里值分解发现中国儿童道德情感的发展：（1）类型不均衡，同情心表现需要关注；（2）水平随年龄的增高呈现先增高后降低的发展趋势，10岁为儿童道德情感发展的关键点；(3)存在性别和城乡区域的结构差异；（4）按因素影响强度呈现独特的生态系统逻辑，从高到低排列为“个体-学校-社会支持-家庭”；生活满意度、了解儿童的人、学校和家庭心理环境是高影响因素；不同因素对不同性别和学段儿童的道德情感发展影响存在差异。由上发现提出，中国儿童道德情感培育要重视道德情感类型的发展失衡、群体发展的差异和关键影响因素，优化儿童道德情感发展的生态系统，抓住发展的关键期，进一步明确教育的侧重点，提升针对性和时效性。

关键词: 中国儿童, 道德情感, 发展动态, 影响因素, 生态系统

Abstract:

Moral emotion is a motivating factor for character realizations, which is a key point to examine the unity of children’s cognition and behavior. Based on a large-scale overall dynamic dataset on the moral development of Chinese children in 2016, 2019, and 2022 (sample sizes: 77,953, 77,367, and 79,914), using Sharp Index decomposition and logistic regression analysis, we have got the the following findings. Firstly, the types of Chinese children's moral emotion development are not balanced, with insufficient expression of sympathy. Secondly, the level of moral emotions initially increases and subsequently declines as age increases. The age of ten is a critical developmental milestone for moral emotions. Thirdly, structural differences in moral emotions among Chinese children exist based on gender and geographical region. Fourthly, there is a unique ecosystem logic by the intensity of the influence of the factors, in descending order of “individual-school-social support-family”. Life satisfaction, people who know the child, and the psychological environment of the school and the family are the high-impact factors. And there are differences in the influence of the different factors on the development of the moral-emotional development of the children of different genders and school segments.From the above findings, it is proposed that the cultivation of moral emotions in Chinese children should pay attention to the developmental imbalance of the types of moral emotions, the differences in the development of the group and the key influencing factors, optimize the ecosystem of children’s moral emotion development, seize the critical period of development, further clarify the focus of education, and enhance the relevance and timeliness.

Key words: Chinese children, moral emotion, development dynamics, influencing factors, ecological system