求知、修身与发展的统合：国际比较视野下中国学生的学习特点分析

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超越消极刻板印象和西方既有学习理论，从国际比较的视野出发理解中国学生学习特点，有助于构建本土学生学习理论和中国教育学自主知识体系，也是提高人才自主培养能力、改进教育教学实践的关键前提。本研究对国际上的中国学习者研究主题文献进行系统分析和总结提炼，发现国际比较视野的中国学生学习具有以下特点：支撑知识再生产的组合式认知策略，社会关系导向和工具性的学习动机，情境性和策略性的学业互动，以及本土美德影响下的学习信念。结合现代中国教育和学生学习时间进一步提炼认为，中国学生的学习已超越认知范畴而与全人生发展融合，展现出求知、修身与发展相统合的“大学习”特色样态。当前培养创新型人才所需的学生学习模式转型，不能仅着眼于学校内部的教育教学改革，还应该考虑扩大到塑造学习修身和发展特点的社会性变革。

关键词: 学生学习, 儒家文化, 中国学习者, 本土特色, 教育学自主知识体系

Abstract:

Moving beyond entrenched negative stereotypes and Western-centric educational theories, this study offers a nuanced understanding of Chinese students’ learning approaches through an international comparative lens. This approach is essential for developing a contextualized theory of student learning and serves as a cornerstone for enhancing talent development and educational practices. A comprehensive analysis of international research on Chinese learners reveals distinct learning characteristics: an integrated cognitive strategy facilitating knowledge reproduction, motivation deeply rooted in social connections and instrumental tools, purposeful and context-driven academic engagement, and learning philosophies imbued with indigenous virtues. These findings suggest that Chinese students’ educational experiences encompass not only cognitive processes but also embody a holistic ‘great learning’ ethos that integrates knowledge seeking, self-perfection, and pursuit of career development. To foster a meaningful evolution in student learning, educational interventions must transcend the confines of mere internal reforms within schools and engage with broader socio-educational reform that would change the learning characteristics of self-perfection and pursuit of career development.

Key words: student learning, Confucian culture, the Chinese learner, Chinese characteristics, educational original knowledge system

张华峰, 史静寰, 郭菲. 求知、修身与发展的统合：国际比较视野下中国学生的学习特点分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2025, 43(2): 19-33.

Huafeng Zhang, Jinghuan Shi, Fei Guo. Integration of Knowledge Seeking, Self-perfection, and Pursuit of Career Development: Chinese Students’ Learning Characteristics from an International and Comparative Perspective[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2025, 43(2): 19-33.

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类型	内容	关键词（频次）
学习特点	认知策略	strategies (9), learning strategies (5), self-regulated learning (4), strategy use (3), memorization (2), metacognition (2), self-regulated (2), deep approaches to learning (1), meta-cognition (1)
	学习动机	motivation (25), intrinsic motivation (4), self-determination theory (4), autonomy (3), self-determination (3), motivational beliefs (2), social motivation(2), goals (2), achievement goals (2), emotion(2)
	互动交流	communication (5), class silence (5), collaborative learning (3), students as partners (3), pedagogical partnership (2), argumentation (2), collaboration (2), groupwork (2), conflict resolution skills (1), willingness to communicate (1)
	学习信念	beliefs (9), perceptions (9), conceptions (6), epistemological beliefs (5), attitudes (3), culture values (3), perception (2), personal epistemology (2), views (2)
影响因素	中国文化	culture (13), cross-cultural (8), cultural specificity (3), Chinese culture (2), Confucian Heritage Culture (2), Confucianism (2), Confucian (2), cultural-differences (2), cultural differences (2), Confucian education tradition (1), cultural influences (1)
	教育制度	policy (4), contexts (4), language policy (2), education policy (1), education policy borrowing (1)
	教学方式	instruction (6), pedagogy (8), teaching (3), curriculum (3), effective teaching (2), teaching quality (2), information-technology (2), culturally inclusive course design (1), culturally responsive teaching (CRT) (1), curriculum reform (1)

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