技能形成尤其是专用技能形成决定着国家和企业的竞争比较优势，专用技能是一个长时间的过程，不仅受制于可得性约束，更受制于决定其可得性的保障能力。“耐心资本”对于专用技能形成具有重要保障作用，其在德国等高技能经济体中体现为通过关系协调，为专用技能形成塑造了稳定环境，承认学徒的市场雇佣属性，为其提供劳动安全保障，以及作为技能形成体系的互补品与之耦合形塑了比较优势。我国产业发展更加呼唤专用技能的形成。对青年技能学习的保障，经历了从嵌入国家经济体制的“国家-单位保障”到强调市场本位的“国家-社会保障”的演变。现存问题是：我们对于青年投身技能学习的激励，多关注补偿性而欠缺发展性，未在相关利益主体之间就专用技能形成缔结出稳定关系；建议政府加强“耐心资本”投入，支持青年技能学习。

Skill formation, especially the formation of specialized skills, determines the competitive comparative advantage of countries and firms, and the formation of specialized skills is a lengthy process that is constrained not only by availability constraints but also by the ability to safeguard their availability. “Patience capital” plays an important role in guaranteeing the formation of specialized skills, which is reflected in Germany and other high-skilled economies by shaping a stable environment for the formation of specialized skills through the coordination of relations; recognizing the market employment attributes of apprenticeships and providing them with labor safety; and shaping comparative advantages by coupling with the complementary system of skill formation. China’s industrial development calls for more specialized skill formation. The protection of youth skill acquisition has evolved from “state-unit protection” embedded in the national economic system to “state-social security” emphasizing the market orientation. The existing problems are that the incentives for young people to engage in skills learning are more compensatory than developmental, and that there is no stable relationship between the relevant stakeholders for the formation of specialized skills. It is recommended that governments strengthen the investment of “patient capital” to support youth skills acquisition.