从《共产党宣言》关于“世界文学”的论述中可引出文化和启蒙两个透镜，并借以考察我国近二百年来比较教育的发展及其新使命：启蒙使命就是通过与世界教育进行批判性的对话，引入世界教育精神，促进中国教育不断现代化；文化使命强调要参与建设现代教育学、在国际上讲好中国教育故事，参与国际教育治理，连接中外教育精神，以及通过启蒙与文化的辩证构建共同的“世界文学”。启蒙与文化的辩证要求比较教育在回应教育上的文化自信与“世界文学”的关系问题上，应该在方法上采取一种旨在去除文化的片面性和局限性的理性批判态度，在价值方向上应该共建一个共同的、教育的“世界文学”，以落实新时代关于中华民族伟大复兴、全人类共同价值以及人类命运共同体的世界想象；同时，这也是在复兴我们在近现代进程中丢失的教育传统中弥足珍贵的“平天下”维度。全球化时代的教育研究者都必然是某种程度的比较教育学者，迈向共同的“世界文学”也是对所有中国教育学者的呼吁。

We can examine the development and new mission of Chinese comparative education over the past two centuries through the dual lenses of culture and enlightenment as derived from the discussion of “world literature” in the “Communist Manifesto”. The enlightenment mission involves engaging in critical dialogue with global education, introducing the spirit of world education, and promoting the continuous modernization of Chinese education. The cultural mission involves participating in the construction of modern pedagogy, telling the story of Chinese education internationally, participating in international educational governance, connecting Chinese and foreign educational spirits; and constructing a shared “world literature” through the dialectic of enlightenment and culture. The dialectic of enlightenment and culture requires comparative education to adopt a rational critical attitude that aims to eliminate cultural one-sidedness and limitations in responding to the relationship between cultural confidence in education and “world literature.” In terms of value direction, it should aim to build a shared educational “world literature” to implement the new era’s vision of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the common values of all humankind, and the world imagination of a community with a shared future for mankind. At the same time, this also involves reviving the invaluable “peace-making under heaven” dimension of our lost educational tradition in the modern process. In the era of globalization, all education researchers are to some extent scholars of comparative education, and the move towards a shared “world literature” is a call to all Chinese education scholars.