实施现代学徒制不仅是高等职业教育主动服务当前经济社会发展的必然要求，也是推动职业教育体系与产业经济体系互动、扩展技术技能人才成长的有效途径，还是推进现代职业教育体系建设的重要战略抉择。现代学徒制在西方国家已经取得了较好的人才培养效果，已被实践证明是一种符合职业教育规律的人才培养模式。通过阐明参与到高职院校现代学徒制构建的相关主体及其利益诉求，本文借助经济社会学“社会建构”这一理论视角，分析了高职院校现代学徒制构建所面临的制度障碍及其消极影响；并针对当下高职院校构建与实践现代学徒制面临的制度困境，通过深入剖析某高职院校现代学徒制实践案例，提出了五大机制制度，为作为基层创新与实践主体的高职院校指出了在当前制度环境下现代学徒制的实践路径。

The implementation of modern apprenticeship is not only inevitable for higher vocational education to better serve the current economic and social development, but also an efficient approach to promoting the interaction between vocational education system and industrial economic system, as well as the development of skilled talents. In addition, it is important for the construction of modern vocational education system. In western countries, modern apprenticeship, which has made great contribution to the development of skilled talents, proves to be an effective training mode in vocational education. From the perspective of social construction and by identifying the stakeholders and their interest concerns, this paper analyzes the institutional obstacles and their negative influence on the construction of modern apprentice system. For example, the lack of a credible commitment between enterprises and the apprentice undermines enterprises' positivity; the lack of the protection system of apprentice rights and interests tends to cause apprentice alienation; the absence of industry education function leads to the high cost of transactions between schools and enterprises; the lack of the protection system of labor safety impedes the identity of enterprise masters; the lack of the national curriculum framework gets the quality of apprenticeship training out of control.
Based on the above analysis, the authors discuss the challenges facing higher vocational colleges in their construction and practice of modern apprenticeship, and then put forward five mechanisms by analyzing some cases of modern apprentice system in higher vocational colleges. The five mechanisms are:a) building an interest-driven mechanism by integrating the interests of all parties; b) setting up a mechanism of communication consultation through a joint management platform; c) constructing a cooperation mechanism between masters and teachers; d) constructing a curriculum development mechanism through collaborative curriculum development; e) constructing a quality guarantee mechanism by establishing evaluation system. In conclusion, the paper argues how higher vocational colleges could promote modern apprenticeship under the current institutional environment through their innovative practices.