笔谈

校园欺凌治理的跨学科对话

  • 教育部青少年法治教育协同创新中心
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  • 华东师范大学法学院, 上海 200241

网络出版日期: 2017-03-27

Managing School Bullying: A Cross-disciplinary Dialogue

  • Center of Collaborative Innovation on Youth Legal Education by MOE (ECNU)
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  • Law School of East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241

Online published: 2017-03-27

摘要

校园欺凌具有多样化的特点,因此解决这一问题的方案也应具备多元化的特征。校园欺凌是一种人际暴力和社会冲突,其中的欺凌者往往热衷于寻求暴力对抗的成就感。在欺凌者的伤害因素以外,校园欺凌还包含旁观者的道德冷漠以及被欺凌者受到的侮辱等因素。治理校园欺凌需要双管齐下:一方面,学校应开展反校园欺凌的教育活动。各级学校应优化教育内容、完善校园治理手段,重点培养学生应对校园欺凌的心理素质与方法,同时还要关注对学生健全心理素质的培养,做好预防与善后工作。另一方面,国家应通过法律的方式从外部治理校园欺凌。第一,国家应完善现有的法律文件并严格司法;第二,立法机关应在借鉴国外经验的基础上进行专项立法,通过立法来净化社会环境、加强公民教育并建立校园欺凌惩戒机制。

本文引用格式

教育部青少年法治教育协同创新中心 . 校园欺凌治理的跨学科对话[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2017 , 35(2) : 12 -23+115 . DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2017.02.002

Abstract

From a multidisciplinary perspective, we can have a better understanding of school bullying, which will help prevent and control the phenomenon. #br#From the perspective of moral philosophy, bullying has the nature of moral value judgment, which includes the malicious and hurt of the bully, the moral indifference of the spectator and the hurt and insult of the bully. From the perspective of political science, the problem of bullying on school is closely related to social development. School bullying is a kind of social conflict. Solving the problem should rely on the rule of law which is an externalized approach.#br#From the sociological point of view are the social environment, the internal governance situation of the school, the bully, the victim and the bystander the formation conditions of the school bullying. The governance plan needs to be continuously improving and optimizing aspects as the educational content and the school management. From the physical point of view, the school violence is interpersonal violence, The school should cultivate students' psychological ability and other useful methods in order to deal with the school violence, instead of teaching them how to avoid it. The reason for bullying is that they are keen to seek a sense of achievement in the struggle against violence. Therefore, to solve this problem, firstly, we need to understand them and treat them with care and respect. Secondly, searching solutions from law. From the psychological point of view, the school should strengthen the cultivation of students' psychological quality and reduce the psychological health damage to both the victims and the bully. From the perspective of law, but also have different ideas, the first perspective can be attributed to the cause of school bullying spread of consciousness and lack of rational values, lack of civic education, institutional construction lag, the solution focuses on the purification of social environment, Education and the establishment of disciplinary mechanisms. From the second point of view, it is necessary to set up a special legal document, at the same time, revise and improve the existing laws and documents, also increase the content of the prevention and treatment of bullying. The third point of view is that we should set up the special legal system from the following four aspects: establish a clear legal mechanism of rights and responsibilities, develop a multi-level regulations, implement the existing laws and regulations, create a new prevention and control measures. From the fourth point of view, we should analyze the application of the criminal law of the minor crime from the following three aspects: the legal interest infringement, the condemnation, the personal danger. The fifth point of view holds that China should learn from the experience that the United states has. Especially from aspects like such as clear concept and establish the legal prevention mechanism, the reporting mechanism, the handling mechanism and so on.

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