从20世纪初到1956年，英国成人教育领域的发展和演变呈现出各种思想观念、组织机构和不同力量之间的斗争，而这种斗争主要集中在劳动学院、工人教育协会和大学三者之间。劳动学院主导了早期的独立工人阶级教育，但它在二战后蜕变为工会领导层的培训手段；工人教育协会主导的自由成人教育受到了大学成人教育的挑战，逐渐由工人阶级教育转变为大众成人教育，并融入其潮流；大学主导的普通高等成人教育不断与工人教育协会竞争并完成体系化进程，最终开始兴盛。这三股力量之间的斗争勾勒出了20世纪上半叶英国成人教育发展的重要线索，并对后来在英国兴起的"文化研究"产生了重要影响。可以说，20世纪上半叶英国成人教育发展的历史，就是一部工人阶级教育逐渐衰落，大众成人教育逐渐兴起的历史。
After the Industry Revolution, emphasis was placed on educating the working class in British adult education, which met their needs for education to a certain extent. From the beginning of 20th century to 1956, British adult education was shaped by the competition among three main actors:Labour Colleges,the Workers' Education Association, University Adult Education. The independent working class education offered by Labour Colleges turned into the training means of Trade Unions' executives while the liberal adult education led by the Workers' Education Association and challenged by university adult education, graduated into mass adult education from working class education. Meanwhile, general higher adult education dominated by the universities, achieved its own institutionalization by competing against the Workers' Education Association and ended up with thriving. The changes in the three forces were closely related to the changes in the British labor movement at the same time. The change of the natureof labor movement directly affected the development of adult education in the first half of the 20th century and it contributed to the evolution of adult education from working class education to mass adult education.
常志伟.(2008).英国成人教育教师的继续研究.江苏技术师范学院学报,23(7),78-80.
德沃金. (2008). 文化马克思主义在战后英国——历史学、新左派和文化研究的起源(李凤丹译). 北京:人民出版社.
董显辉.(2012).英国成人教育教师专业化的策略及其启示.河北大学成人教育学院学报,14(3),95-99.
范琳,吴雪萍.(2007).英国成人教育改革探析.外国教育研究,34(1),76-80.
付德根.(2008). 战后英国成人教育与文化研究.马克思主义美学研究,(2),23-32.
高冈实.(1937).英国之成人教育(陈清泉译).上海:商务印书馆.
郭燕燕.(2011).英国成人教育的历史发展及特征.湖北大学成人教育学院学报,(4),51-53、64.
克莱顿·罗伯茨等.(2013).英国史:下卷(潘兴明等译). 北京:商务印书馆.
乐传永.(2006).英国成人教育改革与发展的主要特色及启示.陕西师范大学继续教育学报,23(1),19-23.
李继刚.(2008).英国成人教育立法及对我国的启示.河北工业大学成人教育学院学报,23(1),9-12.
刘奉越.(2009).英国成人教育专业化发展的历史沿革.继续教育,(5),59-62.
钱乘旦,陈晓律,潘兴明,陈祖洲.(2016).英国通史第6卷:日落斜阳——20世纪英国.南京:江苏人民出版社.
秦发盈,车向清.(2011).英国工人教育协会成人教育述评.河北大学成人教育学院学报,13(3),53-55.
陶成,崔军.(2005).英国成人教育的历史发展.继续教育,19(5),57-59.
王天一.(1993). 外国教育史.北京:北京师范大学出版社.
吴洪富.(2008). 英国劳工教育的历史特征.河北师范大学学报:教育科学版, 10(3),121-124.
吴式颖.(2015). 外国教育史教程:第3版.北京:人民教育出版社.
徐德林.(2014). 重返伯明翰——英国文化研究的系谱学考察. 北京:北京大学出版社.
徐辉,郑继伟.(1993).英国教育史.长春:吉林人民出版社.
张斌贤.(2008). 外国教育史:第2版. 北京:教育科学出版社.
张亮,熊婴.(2013).伦理、文化与社会主义——英国新左派早期思想读本.南京:江苏人民出版社.
张全雷.(2004).英国成人教育发展的重大举措——《21世纪技能实现我们的潜能》白皮书简述.首都师范大学学报:社会科学版(增刊),166-168.
张新生. (1993).英国成人教育史.济南:山东教育出版社.
周丹.(2008).英国成人教育与英国文化研究的兴起.西南民族大学学报,(6),272-276.
周愚文.(2008).英国教育史:近代篇(1780-1944).台北:学富文化事业有限公司.
邹赞.(2012).英国成人教育与英国文化研究.社会科学家,(6),145-149.
Blyth, J. A. (1983). English University Adult Education,1908-1958:The Unique Tradition. Manchester:Manchester University Press.
Barker, R. (1972).Education and Politics 1900-1951:A Study of the Labour Party. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
Brown, G. (1980).Independence and Incorporation:The Labour College Movement and the Workers' Educational Association before the Second World War. In Thomposn, J.L.(ed.) Adult Education for a Change (pp.109-125).London:Hutchinson.
Butler, D., Slaman, A. (1980). British Political Facts 1900-1979, fifth edition, New York:St. Martin's Press.
Cohen, M. (1992). The Labour College Movement Between the Wars:National and North-West Developments. In Simon, B. The Search For Enlightenment:The Working Class and Adult Education in the Twentieth Century (pp.105-136). Leicester:National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.
Fieldhouse, R. (1992). Bouts of Suspicion:Political Controversies in Adult Education, 1925-1944. In Simon, B. The Search for Enlightenment:The Working Class and Adult Education in the Twentieth Century(pp.153-172).Leicester:National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.
Goldman,L. (1999). Education as Politics:University Adult Education in England since 1870. Oxford Review of Education, 25(1-2), 89-101.
Harrison,J.F.C. (2007).Learning and Living 1790-1960:A Study in the History of English Adult Education Movement. London:Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Hobsbawm,E.J. (1999). Industry and Empire:From 1750 to the Present Day. London:Penguin books.
Kelly, T.(1992). A History of Adult Education in Great Britain. Liverpool:Liverpool University Press.
McIlroy, J. (1992).The Demise of the National Council of Labour Colleges. In Simon, B. The Search For Enlightenment:The Working Class and Adult Education in the Twentieth Century (pp.173-207).Leicester:National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.
Marriott, S. (1998). From University Extension to Extramural Studies:Conflict and Adjustment in English Adult Education 1917-1939. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 30(1), 17-34.
McKibbin,R.(1984). Why was there no Marxism in Great Britain? English Historical Review, 99(391), 297-331.
Simon, B. (1980). Education and the Labour Movement 1870-1920.London:Lawrence and Whihart.
Simon, B. (1992). The Struggle for Hegemony:1920-1926. In Simon, B. The Search For Enlightenment:The Working Class and Adult Education in the Twentieth Century (pp.15-70). Leicester:National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.
Steele, T. (1997).The Emergence of Cultural Studies 1945-1965:Cultural Politics, Adult Education and the English Question. London:Lawrence and Wishart.
Styler, W.E. (1962). Recent Adult Education in Great Britain. International Review of Education, 8(2), 166-174.
Ward, K. and Taylor, R. (2012). Adult Education and the Working Class:Education for the Missing Millions. London and New York:Routledge.
中国人文社会科学核心期刊