Abstract: This paper discusses the neural basis of aesthetic education,which is elaborated from five aspects:sensory nervous system of aesthetic information acquisition, cognitive processing of aesthetic information and the central mechanism of the brain, aesthetic experience and emotional center, aesthetic expression skills and motor nerve, brain mechanism and aesthetic imagery formation. Aesthetic activity, which is closely related to human's physiological instinct and nature, has so far the most physiological mobilization of education. It's suggested that school aesthetic education reform and improvement, based on the physiological basis, especially the neural basis, should be scientifically constructed and implemented, in order to effectively promote the aesthetic quality of students and their overall development in terms of physical and psychological quality.

Key words: aesthetic education, neural basis, aesthetic information, aesthetic experience, aesthetic expression skills