中国人文社会科学核心期刊Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences) ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 49-66.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.01.004
Previous Articles Next Articles
Wei Bao1,2,3, Yuanhao He3,4, Feng He5
Online:2025-01-01
Published:2024-12-24
Wei Bao, Yuanhao He, Feng He. Overcome the Adjustment Barriers: The Impact of China’s Orientation Programs on First-year College Students’ Academic and Social Adjustment[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2025, 43(1): 49-66.
"
| 类型 | 名称 | 观测指标 | 操作化定义 | 均值 | 标准差 |
| 因变量 | 新生适应 | 学术性适应 | 观测题项:“大学的学业压力(阅读量、作业)超出我的能力承载(反向计分)”“完全能够跟上课程进度,理解教学内容”“对所学专业和课程内容抱有浓厚兴趣”,1=极不认同~6=非常认同;使用因子得分,Cronbach’s α=0.762 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 社会性适应 | 观测题项:“能够离开家人独立生活,很少感到孤独或想家”“能和老师同学建立良好的人际交流”“具有院校归属感”,1=极不认同~6=非常认同;使用因子得分,Cronbach’s α=0.688 | 0.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 自变量 | 入学教育 形式 | 长期深度教育 | 观测题项:“新生研讨课程”“本科生导师制”的开展情况 ,否=0,是=1 | 0.695 | 0.461 |
| 短期集中教育 | 观测题项:“集中讲座及活动”“新生指南手册使用”的开展情况,否=0,是=1 | 0.888 | 0.315 | ||
| 入学教育 内容 | 专业学科认知 | 观测题项:“了解院系学科专业的特征”“了解院系组织历史与文化”“了解院系学生毕业后就业和升学情况”,1=认同~6=认同;取均值,Cronbach’s α=0.906 | 4.623 | 1.231 | |
| 学习方法习得 | 观测题项:“为选修课程提供有效的指导与建议”“了解和掌握大学阶段的学习方法”“了解学术规范”“了解入学撰写学术论文”“了解学习资源使用(图书馆、数据库等)”,1=不认同~6=认同;取均值,Cronbach’s α=0.929 | 4.406 | 1.249 | ||
| 心理健康建设 | 观测题项:“自我心理健康建设”,1=不认同~6=认同 | 4.476 | 1.369 | ||
| 控制变量 | 学生个体 特征 | 男性 | 虚拟变量,男性=1,女性=0 | 0.453 | 0.498 |
| 学业基础 | 入学前就读高中类型:重点/示范性高中=1,普通高中=0 | 0.591 | 0.492 | ||
| 自主性参与 | 观测题项:“利用图书馆等资源开展自主学习”“与同学讨论课程相关问题”“课后向老师个别请教,寻求意见和帮助”,1=从不~6=经常;使用因子得分,Cronbach’s α=0.747 | 0.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 家庭社经 地位 | 家庭年收入 | 学生家庭年收入(单位:万元)的对数 | 11.279 | 1.065 | |
| 第一代大学生 | 第一代大学生(父母双方均无高等教育就读经历的大学生)=1,第二代大学生=0 | 0.552 | 0.497 | ||
| 农村生源 | 虚拟变量,农村生源=1,城市生源=0 | 2.502 | 1.379 | ||
| 院校组织 禀赋 | 院校学术选拔性 | “双一流”建设院校=3,地方本科院校=2,民办本科院校=1 | 2.518 | 0.901 | |
| 专业门类 | 学生就读的专业门类,以人文学科为基准项,包括社科类、理学类、工学类3个虚拟变量 | 2.812 | 1.165 |
"
| 自变量 | 学术性适应 | 社会性适应 | |
| (1) | (2) | ||
| 入学教育形式 | 长期深度教育 | 0.022** (0.010) | 0.023*** (0.009) |
| 短期集中教育 | (0.010) | 0.006 (0.008) | |
| 入学教育内容 | 专业学科认知 | 0.130*** (0.008) | 0.459*** (0.006) |
| 学习方法习得 | 0.062*** (0.008) | 0.048*** (0.007) | |
| 心理健康建设 | 0.044*** (0.005) | 0.126*** (0.004) | |
| 学生个体特征 | 男性 | 0.073*** (0.008) | 0.061*** (0.007) |
| 学业基础 | 0.039*** (0.008) | 0.025*** (0.007) | |
| 自主性参与 | 0.195*** (0.004) | 0.113*** (0.003) | |
| 家庭社经地位 | 家庭年收入 | 0.031*** (0.004)) | 0.043*** (0.003) |
| 第一代大学生 | −0.024*** (0.009) | −0.011 (0.007) | |
| 农村生源 | −0.012 (0.010) | 0.012 (0.008) | |
| 院校组织禀赋 | 院校学术选拔性 | −0.057* (0.033) | 0.031 (0.027) |
| 社科类 | −0.119*** (0.012) | −0.019* (0.010) | |
| 理学类 | −0.225*** (0.019) | 0.015 (0.015) | |
| 工学类 | −0.200*** (0.013) | −0.011 (0.011) | |
| Adj R2 | 0.186 | 0.489 | |
| N | |||
"
| 自变量 | 学术性适应 | 社会性适应 |
| (1) | (2) | |
| 长期深度教育*专业学科认知 | 0.044*** (0.010) | 0.029*** (0.009) |
| 短期集中教育*专业学科认知 | −0.003 (0.010) | −0.044*** (0.009) |
| Adj R2 | 0.172 | 0.470 |
| N | ||
| 长期深度教育*学习方法习得 | 0.044*** (0.010) | 0.006 (0.009) |
| 短期集中教育*学习方法习得 | −0.009 (0.010) | −0.074*** (0.009) |
| Adj R2 | 0.168 | 0.411 |
| N | ||
| 长期深度教育*心理健康建设 | 0.033*** (0.007) | 0.011 (0.007) |
| 短期集中教育*心理健康建设 | −0.007 (0.007) | −0.044*** (0.007) |
| Adj R2 | 0.163 | 0.393 |
| N |
"
| 变量 | 样本 | 平均值 | 偏差(%) | 偏差减幅(%) | t值 | |
| 实验组 | 对照组 | |||||
| 男性 | 匹配前 | 0.417 | 0.455 | −7.9 | 97.2 | −7.73 |
| 匹配后 | 0.417 | 0.418 | −0.2 | −0.17 | ||
| 学业基础 | 匹配前 | 0.627 | 0.601 | 5.4 | 90.7 | 5.33 |
| 匹配后 | 0.627 | 0.625 | 0.5 | 0.40 | ||
| 自主性参与 | 匹配前 | 3.887 | 3.651 | 20.7 | 98.1 | 20.49 |
| 匹配后 | 3.887 | 3.891 | −0.4 | −0.30 | ||
| 家庭年收入 | 匹配前 | 2.052 | 2.079 | −2.6 | 98.5 | −2.53 |
| 匹配后 | 2.053 | 2.053 | −0.0 | −0.03 | ||
| 第一代大学生 | 匹配前 | 0.637 | 0.630 | 1.3 | 57.8 | 1.30 |
| 匹配后 | 0.637 | 0.639 | −0.6 | −0.44 | ||
| 农村生源 | 匹配前 | 0.226 | 0.223 | 0.6 | 27.1 | 0.59 |
| 匹配后 | 0.225 | 0.227 | −0.4 | −0.34 | ||
| 院校学术选拔性 | 匹配前 | 2.600 | 2.521 | 8.7 | 81.7 | 8.72 |
| 匹配后 | 2.600 | 2.585 | 1.6 | 1.26 | ||
| 专业门类 | 匹配前 | 2.747 | 2.828 | −7.0 | 75.1 | 4.52 |
| 匹配后 | 2.747 | 2.744 | 0.3 | −0.89 | ||
"
| 自变量 | 学术性适应 | 社会性适应 |
| (1) | (2) | |
| Panel A. 干预效应检验 | ||
| 长期深度教育 | 0.016* (0.008) | 0.022** (0.010) |
| 短期集中教育 | 0.005 (0.013) | 0.007 (0.007) |
| 专业学科认知 | 0.125*** (0.008) | 0.471*** (0.007) |
| 学习方法习得 | 0.071*** (0.009) | 0.049*** (0.007) |
| 心理健康建设 | 0.049*** (0.005) | 0.125*** (0.004) |
| Adj R2 | 0.191 | 0.490 |
| N | ||
| Panel B. 约束效应检验 | ||
| 长期深度教育*专业学科认知 | 0.038** (0.008) | 0.037*** (0.007) |
| 短期集中教育*专业学科认知 | −0.030** (0.012) | −0.040*** (0.011) |
| Adj R2 | 0.278 | 0.462 |
| N | ||
| 长期深度教育*学习方法习得 | 0.039*** (0.008) | 0.018** (0.007) |
| 短期集中教育*学习方法习得 | −0.039*** (0.012) | −0.068*** (0.011) |
| Adj R2 | 0.282 | 0.403 |
| N | ||
| 长期深度教育*心理健康建设 | 0.033*** (0.006) | 0.017*** (0.005) |
| 短期集中教育*心理健康建设 | −0.029*** (0.009) | −0.041*** (0.008) |
| Adj R2 | 0.271 | 0.385 |
| N |
"
| 自变量 | 学术性适应 | 社会性适应 | |||
| (1)弱势学生 | (2)优势学生 | (3)弱势学生 | ⑷优势学生 | ||
| 长期深度教育 | 0.069*** (0.019) | 0.084*** (0.018) | 0.029*** (0.017) | 0.032*** (0.011) | |
| 短期集中教育 | −0.062*** (0.020) | −0.029 (0.019) | −0.020 (0.017) | −0.002 (0.010) | |
| 专业学科认知 | 0.110*** (0.015) | 0.125*** (0.014) | 0.412*** (0.013) | 0.452*** (0.012) | |
| 学习方法习得 | 0.170*** (0.016) | 0.103*** (0.015) | 0.065*** (0.014) | 0.014 (0.012) | |
| 心理健康建设 | 0.037*** (0.009) | 0.048*** (0.008) | 0.126*** (0.008) | 0.116*** (0.007) | |
| 控制变量 | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| Adj R2 | 0.219 | 0.276 | 0.218 | 0.170 | |
| N | |||||
| 鲍威, 何元皓, 杜嫱. (2023). 课内外学习总量远超国外, 自主性参与严重不足: 大学生自主探索时间面临“贫困”危机. 中国科学报, 2023-08-29 A4. | |
| 鲍威, 李珊. (2016). 高中学习经历对大学生学术融入的影响——聚焦高中与大学的教育衔接. 清华大学教育研究, 37 (06), 59- 71. | |
| 鲍威. (2019). 跨越学术与实践的鸿沟: 中国本科教育高影响力教学实践的探索. 北京大学教育评论, 17 (03), 105- 129. | |
| 冯晖艳, 曾珠微, 罗晓红, 黄红清, 赵海鹏, 曾红. (2024). 家庭第一代大学生孤独感与负性情绪症状调查. 中国学校卫生 1—4. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024119. | |
| 黄兆信, 李远煦. (2010). 大学新生适应性问题研究——从高中与大学衔接的视角. 中国高教研究, (05), 83- 85. | |
| 马艳秀. (2007). 关于构建高校心理健康教育评估指标体系的研究(硕士学位论文). 北京: 清华大学. | |
| 吴雨涵. (2013). 中美大学新生教育比较研究(硕士学位论文). 杭州: 中国计量学院. | |
| 杨钋, 毛丹. (2013). “适应” 大学新生发展的关键词——基于首都高校学生发展调查的实证分析. 中国高教研究, (03), 16- 24. | |
| 赵丽雯, 曹美兰. (2021). 本科教育质量提升视角下高校新生教育审视. 江苏高教, (07), 98- 102. | |
| 钟景迅, 黄斌. (2012). 学生社会经济地位的概念、测量及其应用研究综述. 全球教育展望, 41 (12), 31- 39. | |
| 朱凌云, 李健. (2015). 大学新生适应特征与影响因素的实证分析. 东北大学学报(社会科学版), 17 (04), 416- 421. | |
| Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American psychologist, 55 (5), 469- 480. | |
| Barnett, E. A., Bork, R. H., Mayer, A. K., Pretlow, J., Wathington, H. D., & Weiss, M. J. (2012). Bridging the Gap: An Impact Study of Eight Developmental Summer Bridge Programs in Texas. Columbia: National Center for Postsecondary Research. | |
| Basken, P. (2022). US Universities find students way behind after Covid. Times Higher Education. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/cn/news/us-universities-find-students-way-behind-after-covid. | |
| Bir, B., & Myrick, M. (2015). Summer bridge's effects on college student success. Journal of Developmental Education, 39 (1), 22- 30. | |
| Briggs, A. R., Clark, J., & Hall, I. (2012). Building bridges: understanding student transition to university. Quality in higher education, 18 (1), 3- 21. | |
| Cabrera, N. L., Miner, D. D., & Milem, J. F. (2013). Can a summer bridge program impact first-year persistence and performance? A case study of the New Start Summer Program. Research in Higher Education, 54, 481- 498. | |
| Chickering, A. W., & McCormick, J. (1973). Personality development and the college experience. Research in Higher Education, 1, 43- 70. | |
| Clark, M. R. (2005). Negotiating the freshman year: Challenges and strategies among first-year college students. Journal of College Student Development, 46 (3), 296- 316. | |
| Deggs, D. (2011). Students' adjustment to college: A comparison of orientation program attendees and non-attendees. Journal of College Orientation, Transition, and Retention, 18(2), 45—50. | |
| Dyer, B. G., Nadler, D. P., & Miller, M. T. (2000). Female First-Year Students Perceptions of Orientation Programs. Journal of College Orientation, Transition, and Retention, 8(1), 13—22. | |
| Gass, M. A., Garvey, D. E., & Sugerman, D. A. (2003). The long-term effects of a first-year student wilderness orientation program. Journal of Experiential Education, 26 (1), 34- 40. | |
| Gelso, C. J., & Rowell, D. (1967). Academic adjustment and the persistence of students with marginal academic potential. Journal of counseling Psychology, 14 (5), 478- 481. | |
| Habley, W. R., Bloom, J. L., & Robbins, S. (2012). Increasing persistence: Research-based strategies for college student success. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons. | |
| Hines, E. M., DiAnne Borders, L., Gonzalez, L. M., Villalba, J., & Henderson, A. (2014). Parental involvement in college planning: Cultural considerations when working with African American families. Journal for Multicultural Education, 8 (4), 249- 260. | |
| Hirano, K., & Imbens, G. W. (2001). Estimation of causal effects using propensity score weighting: An application to data on right heart catheterization. Health Services and Outcomes research methodology, 2, 259- 278. | |
| Hong, P., & Cui, M. (2020). Helicopter parenting and college students’ psychological maladjustment: The role of self-control and living arrangement. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 338- 347. | |
| Kohlberg, L. (1975). The cognitive-developmental approach to moral education. The Phi Delta Kappan, 56 (10), 670- 677. | |
| Larose, S., Duchesne, S., Litalien, D., Denault, A. S., & Boivin, M. (2019). Adjustment trajectories during the college transition: Types, personal and family antecedents, and academic outcomes. Research in Higher Education, 60, 684- 710. | |
| Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of personality and social psychology, 3 (5), 551- 558. | |
| Miller, J. W., & Lesik, S. S. (2014). College persistence over time and participation in a first-year seminar. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 16(3), 373—390. | |
| Murphy, T. E., Gaughan, M., Hume, R., & Moore Jr, S. G. (2010). College graduation rates for minority students in a selective technical university: Will participation in a summer bridge program contribute to success?. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 32 (1), 70- 83. | |
| O’Donnell, M. B., Shirley, L. A., Park, S. S., Nolen, J. P., Gibbons, A. M., & Rosén, L. A. (2018). The college adjustment questionnaire: A measure of students' educational, relational, and psychological adjustment to the college environment. Journal of College Student Development, 59 (1), 116- 121. | |
| Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How College Affects Students: A Third Decade of Research. Volume 2. Indianapolis: Jossey-Bass, An Imprint of Wiley. | |
| Pascarella, E. T., Terenzini, P. T., & Wolfle, L. M. (1986). Orientation to college and freshman year persistence/withdrawal decisions. The Journal of Higher Education, 57 (2), 155- 175. | |
| Perigo, D. J., & Upcraft, M. L. (1989). Orientation programs. The freshman year experience. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. | |
| Perlman S. (2023). ACT test scores for U. S. students drop to a 30-year low. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2023/10/12/1205404298/act-test-scores-college-admissions-30-year-low. | |
| Perry, W. G. (1970). Forms of intellectual and ethical growth in the college years: A scheme. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Press. | |
| Plug, E. & Vijverberg, W. (2003). Schooling, family background, and adoption: Is it nature or is it nurture?. Journal of political Economy, 111 (3), 611- 641. | |
| Porter, S. R., & Swing, R. L. (2006). Understanding how first-year seminars affect persistence. Research in higher education, 47, 89- 109. | |
| Reid, M. J., & Moore III, J. L. (2008). College readiness and academic preparation for postsecondary education: Oral histories of first-generation urban college students. Urban education, 43 (2), 240- 261. | |
| Soria, K. M., Lingren Clark, B., & Coffin Koch, L. (2013). Investigating the academic and social benefits of extended new student orientations for first-year students. The Journal of College Orientation and Transition, 20 (2), 33- 45. | |
| Strumpf, G., & Sharer, G. (1993). Trends and issues in orientation programs. Designing successful transitions: A guide for orienting students to college. Columbia: The Freshman Year Experience, University of South Carolina. | |
| Thurber, C. A., & Walton, E. A. (2012). Homesickness and adjustment in university students. Journal of American college health, 60 (5), 415- 419. | |
| Tinto, V. (2006). Research and practice of student retention: What next?. Journal of college student retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 8(1), 1—19. | |
| Tinto, V. (2012). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. Chicago: University of Chicago press. | |
| Tranter, D. (2003). “Fish out of Water”: students from disadvantaged schools and the university experience. Canberra: Creating Spaces: Interdisciplinary Writings in the Social Sciences Conference. | |
| Trow, M. (1972). The expansion and transformation of higher education. International review of Education, 18 (1), 61- 84. | |
| Upcraft, M. L., & Gardner, J. N. (1989). The Freshman Year Experience. Helping Students Survive and Succeed in College. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc. | |
| USAFacts. (2024). College Enrollment Rate. https://usafacts.org/data/topics/people-society/education/higher-education/college-enrollment-rate/. | |
| Weidman, J. (1989). Undergraduate socialization: A conceptual approach. Higher education: Handbook of theory and research, 5 (2), 289- 322. |
| No related articles found! |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||