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20 September 2014, Volume 32 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The 100 anniversary of the birthday of Professor Liu Fonian(纪念刘佛年教授诞辰１００周年)

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On Liu Fonian’s Thoughts of Teaching Reforms in Primary and Middle Schools LIU LimingQI & Zhan yong 2014, 32 (3):  1-9.  Abstract ( 758 )   HTML ( 60 )   PDF (516KB) ( 1850 )   Save Liu Fonian is a famous university president and educator. He made in-depth study and comprehensive and insightful explanation to teaching reform in the primary and secondary schools in China. He identified teaching thoughts reform from the following aspects, namely the guiding thought of teaching reform( view of objective, quality and talent ), the teaching goal(scientific exposition of knowledge, ability and attitude),curriculum reform(the increase in difficulty and the attention on the logic of the knowledge),the teaching method reform(the attention to the stimulating of students' activeness and developing of students' creativity),the learning style(emphasis on the cultivation of right attitude and methods, the combination of studying and thinking, the unity of knowledge and practice),the teaching assessment( stress on the inspection of comprehensive quality and the combination of target and evaluation).Being the treasure worth of inheriting, the ideas of reform in education contain many valuable contents. All these ideas are of great value for us to conduct teaching reform, to improve teaching quality and to promote students' comprehensive development in morality intelligence, physical condition, aesthetic state and laboring. Related Articles | Metrics

Enrollment education and examination system reform(教育招生与考试制度改革)

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Evaluation of Examination in Math in College Entrance Examination：A Empirical Comparative Study on CTT and IRT 1、YAN Chenghai,2、DU Wenjiu,2、SONG Naiqing,3、ZHANG Jian 2014, 32 (3):  10-18.  Abstract ( 809 )   HTML ( 144 )   PDF (894KB) ( 2608 )   Save The previous research shows that ITR has more merits than CTT in the evaluation of examination. Based on the data collected in math subject in National College Entrance Examination of one district, the paper compares the differences between CTT and IRT on project parameters, ways of evaluation and accuracy assessment. The research shows that the characteristics of each project properties are more easily reflected under the IRT parameters, and the IRT parameters are more accurate than the CTT. The function of the project information can reflect the information of the tests better. IRT and CTT have different evaluation ways and the scores under the evaluation of IRT, which represents students' abilities, are higher than those of CTT. CTT is different from IRT in precision estimation, but the test information function and confidence interval of IRT are more accurate than that of CTT. The Empirical study shows the advantages of IRT in evaluating the math subject in College Entrance Examination, which is valuable and has potential applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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On Metaevaluation System of College Entrance Examination Standard in China ZHANG Yuan-Zeng 2014, 32 (3):  19-25.  Abstract ( 722 )   HTML ( 49 )   PDF (440KB) ( 1298 )   Save College entrance examination standard is the unity of concrete value, value activity strategy and value activity methods. The Metacriterion system of the China's college enrollment standard consists of maintaining stability, development status and development ability, inclusiveness, accessibility and scientific princinple . Based on the measurement model that are established with these five criteria, this paper establishes public policy quality index of national college entrance examination standard. The public policy integrates quality index of national college entrance examination standard system. These indices can provide an objective evidence for developing, improving, perfecting and constructing the current college entrance examination enrollment standard system in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Policy Analysis on Reform of Senior High SchoolEntrance Examination in China SHEN Yu-Shun 2014, 32 (3):  26-30.  Abstract ( 812 )   HTML ( 54 )   PDF (399KB) ( 1319 )   Save The reform policy of senior high school entrance examination concerns national educational goals, human resource development, student choice and educational equality. The core goals of reform lie in how to deal with the relationship between educational quality, efficiency and equality. This paper discusses reform issues in senior high school entrance examination from the perspective of educational evaluation. The author proposes the qualityefficiency oriented entrance examination system which integrates the senior high school entrance examination and the junior high school graduation examination, combining student achievement assessment, scholastic assessment test and occupation adaptability test. In so doing, it will promote student choice opportunity and educational equality in the educational process. Related Articles | Metrics

Educational Theory(教育理论)

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ON the Paths of Educational Reform LONG Bao-Xin 2014, 32 (3):  31-37.  Abstract ( 789 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF (506KB) ( 1660 )   Save Metapath is the supreme truth that controls the whole educational reform,while specific path is those practical tricks choosed by the educational reform in educational system and mechanism. In the educational history,it witnessed three metapath,that is, endogenic logic,mandatory logic of external force and infiltrative logic of educational theory.The core of educational change force derives from the diffusion and reproduction of educational theory which are the game result of three forces,namely,the magnetic force of theory,reagency of educational practice and braced force of educational system. In education reform,the mission of specific path is to echo the requirement of education theory‘s change toward practice,so it is the specific paths,such as selecting the ideas,example marketing,institution's cooperation and disintegration of system, that leads the educational reform to success. Related Articles | Metrics

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On School as a Space for Public Life FENG Jian-Jun 2014, 32 (3):  38-48.  Abstract ( 730 )   HTML ( 601 )   PDF (650KB) ( 1500 )   Save The public life means that the interlinked and interactional common life shaped by people's participation in public affairs. As the subject of public life，citizenship is able to develop in public life. To cultivating citizens and citizenship，it is necessary not only to impart knowledge teaching through citizenship curriculum，but also to form character by practicing public lifet. Only by living a public life can real citizens be cultivated. According to the character of public life，schools can become crucial spaces of public life. Furthermore, schools should transform into public life space since the current schools lack of publicity. However，school public life should not imitate social public life. It is a kind of special public life which demonstrates its uniqueness as follows, firstschool public life is a kind of quasi public life，second, it is a kind of educational public life to cultivate students' publicity，and third it is a kind of good public life consciously constructed by teachers and students. Related Articles | Metrics

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Future or Present? The Implication on the Orientation of Education of Levinas' View of Time WU Xian-Wu 2014, 32 (3):  49-54.  Abstract ( 741 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF (539KB) ( 1519 )   Save Levinas broke through the traditional formaltive time, connected time with concrete existence. Because every existent individual reborns at every instant, time is heterogeneous and the present is special to everyone. Based on the formaltive view of time, the traditional education ideas, indicate that all educational activities is oriented to the future. In order to gain the socalled happiness in the future, the teacher think that the students should endure the current torment. According to Levinas' view of time, the present is special, the student should not be require to sacrifice the present happiness so as to gain the future achivement..Teachers should change their view so that the students could live a happy life at present. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dewey’s Inquiry Pedagogical Theory: A Contextual Discourse and Deviation TANG Bin 2014, 32 (3):  55-62.  Abstract ( 962 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (498KB) ( 2087 )   Save Dewey's thought gradually appeared in the process of the dissolution of dualism. In the process of ending grand realism, Dewey, built up the theory of practical realism and initiated the "learning by doing" theory and inquiry pedagogical theories and promoted the democracy and reality of education through the analysis of modern science and the phenomenon of children's touching flame. But Dewey had not fully aware that knowledge learning is not a completely equivalent to such a process, it needs to be supported by hermeneutics and learning theories and other related theories. This weakness led to certain deviation of Dewey's theory. He replaced "understanding" and "learning" by "knowing" and "cognition", therefore his criticisms of Herbart is not sufficient and reasonable. Related Articles | Metrics

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“The Panic People” and the Education Keeping a Person to be Calm ZHANG Le 2014, 32 (3):  63-68.  Abstract ( 734 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (551KB) ( 1588 )   Save Panic is an emotional state of excessive fear which forms a kind of social character of modern people. Subjected to authority, lost trust, and the spread of selfishness were the symptoms of the panic people. The vulnerability of modern people brought by lost opportunity of liberations, the spread of artificial panic brought by scientism, and the lost of the common way of eliminating panic brought by the alienation of politics were the modern reasons for the emergence of panic people. Facing the emergence of panic people, schools should provide a relatively safer and more peaceful place. On the one hand, it can keep children away from untimely exposure to panic, and let them to form a healthy personality. On the other hand, it allows children to enter the society in the future with the ability to change social reality. Specifically, education should guide children to pursue virtue and wisdom, cultivate children's risk awareness, and build a learning community. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflection on the Relationship between Moral Bottom Line and Perfect Morality in Modern Moral Education YU Wei-Wu 2014, 32 (3):  69-77.  Abstract ( 642 )   HTML ( 29 )   PDF (525KB) ( 1998 )   Save In today's diverse and open society, religious traditions and moral perfectionism compete against each othera phenomenon which demonstrates a normal state and a lasting character of modern society. To provide everyone a unified and objective and perfect morality and a way of good life based on a certain theory is no longer acceptable to modern people' hearts; it would ruin people's moral life and human nature. Moral bottom line rule regulates every society member's behaviors by stipulating the least basic moral obligations, thereby building afundamental defense system for human to survive, at the same time ensuring people to pursue their life ideals and moral goodness freely and safely. Moral education needs to guide youths to make equal and open moral dialogues with other people in this diverse society, and to pursue wider moral consensus and ultimate good freely while holding on to moral bottom line. Related Articles | Metrics

Psychology(心理学)

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SelfKnowledge of Personality: Its Accuracy and Limits 1、CHEN Shaohua，2、ZENG Yi 2014, 32 (3):  78-83.  Abstract ( 826 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (445KB) ( 1908 )   Save The selfknowledge of personality is the selfperception of individuals' thinking, emotion, behavior and reputation. Usually, it is obtained by introspection, the selfand otherobserving of behavior. The study indicated that there is some moderately correlation between selfknowledge of personality and behavior, people have some insight of his or her personality and the accuracy is changed with personality dimensions. Influenced by the information and motivation obstacle, the selfknowledge of personality has its own limits. Because of the blind spot and motivation factor in selfperception, people cannot judge himself or herself without any prejudice like stranger, there exist asymmetry between the self and other knowledge of personality. There are some effective ways to improve the accuracy of selfknowledge of personality, such as providing the true feedback information, reducing the selfprotection motivation, using mindfulness skills and insisting on beyourself. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Concept, Measurement, Influencing Factors and Effects of Psychological Capital XIONG Meng,YE Yi-duo 2014, 32 (3):  84-92.  Abstract ( 1275 )   HTML ( 1030 )   PDF (507KB) ( 5873 )   Save The concept of Psychological capital (PsyCap) is identified as a kind of positive psychological trait for individual development. The study on PsyCap has significant implication for enhancing individual and organizational competitive advantage. During the past decade, there are rich literature on the concept and theory, structure and measurement, impact factors, effects and intervention. A great deal of empirical work of antecedents, consequences and intervention of psychological capital had been systematically reviewed. The development trends in the field include the development of inclusion criteria of different populations‘ PsyCap, the exploration of integration mechanism with antecedents and outcome variables, the strengthening of longitudinal and intervention research, the study of adolescent and special groups, as well as localized and crosscultural research. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Etymological Analysis on a Crosscultural Psychological Phenomenon: Qifu CHEN Guang-hui 2014, 32 (3):  93-98.  Abstract ( 669 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (635KB) ( 2118 )   Save This paper aims at investigating the definition and characteristics of qifu in Chinese from the etymological perspective. It examines the origin, history, and changes of qifu and its synonyms. The phenomenon of qifu expressed in Chinese literary works can be traced back to Shi•Binfeng•Chixiao, which appeared 2600 years ago. Over the long history, although different Chinese words were used to describe the qifu phenomenon, their implication was not much different. Qifu is that the strong harms the weak intentionally. The distinct feature of qifu is the imbalance of power between perpetrators and victims, while repetition is not a necessary characteristic. Qifu phenomenon in Chinese circumstance was different from bullying in English. In China, etymological research was very few in psychological fields, but it can improve understanding of some results of western researches, and advance the local and crosscultural studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Ecological Information Based on Specification and Implications for Epistemology 1WANG Yi,2FAN Niannian 2014, 32 (3):  99-104.  Abstract ( 664 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF (433KB) ( 1415 )   Save The ecological approach to perception which was created by American Psychologist James J. Gibson is an alternative to the cognitive science based on representationalism. Its contributions to the psychological research comprise the theory of information generated by the specific relation between energies arrays and physical reality. To be physically specific, the kinematic patterns in energy arrays (light array, sound array, inertial array) are the consequences of the dynamics of the physical reality, this implies that, the kinematic patterns can be analyzed by dynamics and are available to the potential perceiving agents and overall construct a alternative scientific method for researching the information exploratory behavior of the given perceptual agents. Related Articles | Metrics

Educational History(教育史)

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On the Position Transition of Central Scholar Officialdom in the Tang Dynasty DONG Kun-Yu 2014, 32 (3):  105-111.  Abstract ( 698 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (556KB) ( 1805 )   Save The position changes of educational officials in Guozijian in Tang dynasty were highly independent. There were two major transitional ways, the first pattern is promoted from an assistant to a doctor within the same Guan (division); the second pattern is started from promotion within a Guan and followed by changing positions between different Guans (divisions). In addition, there were also crossing promotion and bridging ways between these two ways. The divisions the officialdom worked were relatively concentrated on the similar divisions before and after they entered Guozijian. Educational officialdoms were mainly selected by by recruitment and recommendation before the Mid Tang Dynasty. After Mid Tang Dynasty, the shogunate officialdom became an important source of scholars in Guanzijian. If they leave Guozijian, they could become either a local official or a official in the capital city within a cultural sector. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Origin of Normal Art Education of Academy of Fine Arts in Modern China: The Normal Department of Drawing and Manual Training of Beijing Art School HE Xiao-Zhou 2014, 32 (3):  112-118.  Abstract ( 1533 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (572KB) ( 2231 )   Save The predecessor of China Central Academy of Fine Arts' is Beijing Art School, which opened the Normal Department of Drawing and Manual Training in 1920，but was ended it in 1922. Meanwhile the normal art course of Massachusetts Normal Art School in the United States in the early 20th century became the Normal Department of Drawing of Tokyo Art School by transformed by Akira SHIRAHAMA in Japan in 1907. For 10 years afterwards， ZHENG Jin had introduced the Normal Department of Drawing and its curriculum to the Normal Department of Drawing and Manual Training of Beijing Art School. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigating the 60 Years’ Historical Change of Teachers Narratives in China by Analyzing the Pedagogic Textbooks ZHOU Shi-De 2014, 32 (3):  119-124.  Abstract ( 726 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (458KB) ( 1553 )   Save Teachers are crucial for the practice of education. The study focuses on the historical changes of teachers' narrative in the different periods; it has important theoretical and practical significance. Taking the representative pedagogy textbooks from the 1950s to 2013 as the discourse content, the study analyze it how to declare teachers, how the structure of narrative changed, and how to arrange the student assignments. It shows that there are teachers narrative discourses of content construction, and presents the dogma, the content of the teacher's narrative discourse and structure design showed the focus transformed from ethics to professional subject. The teachers’ selfidentity and selfunderstanding need to be improved. It is crucial to improve teacher narrative in the textbook. Related Articles | Metrics