Abstract: Early 1900s, Robert Baden Powell designed a children’s organization that was named Boy Scouts and proposed a principle of “non-army”. In the republican period, Boy Scouts was translated into “Tongzi Jun” that means children’s army. Furthermore, there existed a paradox of “Child” and “Army” during the development of Boys Scouts in China. We can further understand the educational value of scouting by pointing out this paradox and present the special development of Boy Scouts in the Republic of China by analyzing this paradox.

Key words: Boy Scouts in the Republic of China, Scout Training, Children’s Organization, Children Education