Abstract: Philosophy of science was one of distillations of the development of western science and culture. It provided meaningful guidance on methodology for the research of different disciplines. The paper put the discussion on realism in the history of scientific philosophy as point of penetration and reviewed the development of western philosophy of science briefly, and introduced recent constructive realism, in order to made the scholar of education even social science pay much more attentions on philosophy of science, especially on constructive realism in vigorous development of New Vienna Circle. Furthermore, when current education science research was reflected in the guide of constructive realism, the following four aspects should be broken through urgently: on the construction of discipline, integration among disciplines should be enhanced; on the orientation of research, indigenous approach should be emphasized; on the academic purport, education practice should be strengthened; on the method of research, multi-paradigm should be recognized.

Key words: philosophy of science, realism, constructive realism, micro-world, strangification