New Concepts and Trends in the Cultivation of International Elite Creative Talents

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.05.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Elite creative talents are wanted and sought after in every modern society as they seem to be the primary force that drives social and economic development. But cultivating elite creative talents can follow different approaches in different societies. This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of current thinking and emerging issues in cultivating innovative, creative, and entrepreneurial talents. Primarily, the author finds the following. First, elite creative talents are not programmed and trained by early selection. Second, creativity is naturally born and everyone has the potential to become a creative elite. Third, creativity appears in different domains and must be based on solid knowledge and skills. Thus elite talents have their unique abilities and knowledge. Fourth, different society has different attitudes toward creative talents and thus different societies have different environments for cultivating creative talents. Fifth, opportunities and luck play significant roles in the development of creativity. It is therefore critical for individuals to have opportunities or create their own opportunities. Finally, creativity must be bounded by ethical and moral standards, which vary in different societies. But at least, the outcomes of creativity should not cause harm to others and the world.

Key words: creativity, elite talents, innovative talents, educational theory, educational policy, culture, social values

Yong Zhao. New Concepts and Trends in the Cultivation of International Elite Creative Talents[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(5): 1-15.

References 0

	Adams, T. (2022). K-everything: The rise and rise of Korean culture. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/04/korea-culture-k-pop-music-film-tv-hallyu-v-and-a
	Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2010). A curriculum for all young Australians. Retrieved from http://www.acara.edu.au/verve/_resources/Information_Sheet_A_curriculum_for_all_young_Australians.pdf
	Baer, J. (2022). There’s No Such Thing as Creativity: How Plato and 20th Century Psychology Have Misled Us. doi: DOI: 10.1017/9781009064637
	Barber, M., Donnelly, K., & Rizvi, S. (2012). Oceans of Innovation: The Atlantic, The Pacific, Global Leadership and the Future of Education. Retrieved from London: https://www.ippr.org/publications/oceans-of-innovation-the-atlantic-the-pacific-global-leadership-and-the-future-of-education
	Baucus, M. S., Norton, W. I., Baucus, D. A., & Human, S. E Fostering creativity and innovation without encouraging unethical behavior Journal of Business Ethics 2008 81 1 97 115 Baucus, M. S., Norton, W. I., Baucus, D. A., & Human, S. E. (2008). Fostering creativity and innovation without encouraging unethical behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 97—115. doi: 10.1007/s10551-007-9483-4
	Beard, A. (2018). Natural Born Learners: Our Incredible Capacity to Learn and How We can Harness it: Hachette UK.
	Bell, A., Chetty, R., Jaravel, X., Petkova, N., & Van Reenen, J. (2016). The lifecycle of inventors. Unpublished manuscript, Harvard University.
	Berrone, P., Fosfuri, A., Gelabert, L., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R Necessity as the mother of ‘green’ inventions: Institutional pressures and environmental innovations Strategic Management Journal 2013 34 8 891 909 Berrone, P., Fosfuri, A., Gelabert, L., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2013). Necessity as the mother of ‘green’ inventions: Institutional pressures and environmental innovations. Strategic Management Journal, 34(8), 891—909. doi: 10.1002/smj.2041
	Bierly, P. E., Kolodinsky, R. W., & Charette, B. J Understanding the complex relationship between creativity and ethical ideologies Journal of business ethics 2009 86 1 101 112 Bierly, P. E., Kolodinsky, R. W., & Charette, B. J. (2009). Understanding the complex relationship between creativity and ethical ideologies. Journal of business ethics, 86(1), 101—112. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9837-6
	Bonawitza, E., Shaftob, P., Gweonc, H., Goodmand, N. D., Spelkee, E., & Schulzc, L The double-edged sword of pedagogy: Instruction limits spontaneous exploration and discovery Cognition 2011 120 3 322 330 Bonawitza, E., Shaftob, P., Gweonc, H., Goodmand, N. D., Spelkee, E., & Schulzc, L. (2011). The double-edged sword of pedagogy: Instruction limits spontaneous exploration and discovery. Cognition, 120(3), 322—330. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.10.001
	Buchsbauma, D., Gopnika, A., Griffithsa, T. L., & Shaftob, P Children’s imitation of causal action sequences is influenced by statistical and pedagogical evidence Cognition 2011 120 3 331 340 Buchsbauma, D., Gopnika, A., Griffithsa, T. L., & Shaftob, P. (2011). Children’s imitation of causal action sequences is influenced by statistical and pedagogical evidence. Cognition, 120(3), 331—340. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.12.001
	Bui, S., Steven, C., & Scott, I Poor results for high achievers: New evidence on the impact of gifted and talented programs Education Next 2012 12 1 70 77 Bui, S., Steven, C., & Scott, I. (2012). Poor results for high achievers: New evidence on the impact of gifted and talented programs. Education Next, 12(1), 70—77.
	Bui, S. A., Craig, S. G., & Imberman, S. A Is gifted education a bright idea? Assessing the impact of gifted and talented programs on students American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 2014 6 3 30 62 Bui, S. A., Craig, S. G., & Imberman, S. A. (2014). Is gifted education a bright idea? Assessing the impact of gifted and talented programs on students. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(3), 30—62. doi: 10.1257/pol.6.3.30
	Collins, M. A., & Amabile, T. M. (1999). Motivation and creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of Creativity (pp. 297–312). Cambridge University Press.
	Common Core State Standards Initiative. (2011). Common Core State Standards Initiative. Retrieved from http://http://www.corestandards.org/
	Dai, D. Y. (2010). The Nature and Nurture of Giftedness: A New Framework for Understanding Gifted Education. Education & Psychology of the Gifted Series: ERIC.
	Dintersmith, T. (2019). What School Could Be: Insights and Inspiration from Teachers Across America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
	Duckworth, A. L., & Yeager, D. S Measurement Matters: Assessing Personal Qualities Other Than Cognitive Ability for Educational Purposes Educational Researcher 2015 44 4 237 251 Duckworth, A. L., & Yeager, D. S. (2015). Measurement Matters: Assessing Personal Qualities Other Than Cognitive Ability for Educational Purposes. Educational Researcher, 44(4), 237—251. doi: 10.3102/0013189X15584327
	Ekoko, B. E., & Ricci, C. (2014). Natural Born Learners: Unschooling and Autonomy in Education. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
	European Communities. (2006). Key Competences for Lifelong Learning: A European Framework. Retrieved from Luxemburg.
	Faludi, J., & Gilbert, C Best practices for teaching green invention: Interviews on design, engineering, and business education Journal of Cleaner Production 2019 234 1246 1261 Faludi, J., & Gilbert, C. (2019). Best practices for teaching green invention: Interviews on design, engineering, and business education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 234, 1246—1261. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.246
	Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class and How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community & Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books.
	Florida, R. (2012). The Rise of the Creative Class: Revisited (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
	Forgeard, M. J., & Mecklenburg, A. C The two dimensions of motivation and a reciprocal model of the creative process Review of General Psychology 2013 17 3 255 266 Forgeard, M. J., & Mecklenburg, A. C. (2013). The two dimensions of motivation and a reciprocal model of the creative process. Review of General Psychology, 17(3), 255—266. doi: 10.1037/a0032104
	Fortin, J.-M., & Currie, D. J Big science vs. little science: how scientific impact scales with funding PloS one 2013 8 6 e65263 Fortin, J.-M., & Currie, D. J. (2013). Big science vs. little science: how scientific impact scales with funding. PloS one, 8(6), e65263.
	Frank, R. H. (2016). Success and Luck: Good Fortune and the Myth of Meritocracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
	Gajda, A., Karwowski, M., & Beghetto, R. A Creativity and academic achievement: A meta-analysis Journal of Educational Psychology 2017 109 2 269 Gajda, A., Karwowski, M., & Beghetto, R. A. (2017). Creativity and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(2), 269. doi: 10.1037/edu0000133
	Gann, D. (2016, Jun 23, 2016). Kodak invented the digital camera - then killed it. Why innovation often fails. World Economic Forum: Innovation. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/leading-innovation-through-the-chicanes/
	Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind : the theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
	Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences : the theory in practice. New York, NY: Basic Books.
	Geiser, S., & Studley, R. (2001). UC and the SAT: Predictive Validity and Differential Impact of the SAT I and SAT II at the University of California Retrieved from http://web.stanford.edu/~rag/ed351B/sat_study.pdf
	Gould, S. J. (1996). The Mismeasure of Man. New York: Northon.
	John, O. P., Robins, R. W., & Pervin, L. A. (2008). Handbook of personality: theory and research (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
	Kaufman, J. C., & Beghetto, R. A Beyond Big and Little: The Four C Model of Creativity Review of General Psychology 2009a 13 1 1 12 Kaufman, J. C., & Beghetto, R. A. (2009a). Beyond Big and Little: The Four C Model of Creativity. Review of General Psychology, 13(1), 1—12. doi: 10.1037/a0013688
	Kaufman, S. B. (2009b). The Truth about the “Termites”. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/beautiful-minds/200909/the-truth-about-the-termites
	Kaufman, S. B. (2018). The Role of Luck in Life Success Is Far Greater Than We Realized: Are the most successful people in society just the luckiest people? Scientific American. Retrieved from https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/the-role-of-luck-in-life-success-is-far-greater-than-we-realized/
	Kirzner, I. M Creativity and/or Alertness: A Reconsideration of the Schumpeterian Entrepreneur Review of Austrian Economics 1999 11 5 17 Kirzner, I. M. (1999). Creativity and/or Alertness: A Reconsideration of the Schumpeterian Entrepreneur. Review of Austrian Economics, 11, 5—17. doi: 10.1023/A:1007719905868
	Lewontin, R. (2001). The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism, and Environment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
	Long, H., Kerr, B. A., Emler, T. E., & Birdnow, M A Critical Review of Assessments of Creativity in Education Review of Research in Education 2022 46 1 288 323 Long, H., Kerr, B. A., Emler, T. E., & Birdnow, M. (2022). A Critical Review of Assessments of Creativity in Education. Review of Research in Education, 46(1), 288—323. doi: 10.3102/0091732X221084326
	Marsh, H. W., Chessor, D., Craven, R., & Roche, L The effects of gifted and talented programs on academic self-concept: The big fish strikes again American Educational Research Journal 1995 32 2 285 319 Marsh, H. W., Chessor, D., Craven, R., & Roche, L. (1995). The effects of gifted and talented programs on academic self-concept: The big fish strikes again. American Educational Research Journal, 32(2), 285—319. doi: 10.3102/00028312032002285
	Maslow, A. H. (1996). Critique of self-actualization theory. In E. Hoffman (Ed. ), Future visions: The unpublished papers of Abraham Maslow (pp. 26–32). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
	Maslow, A. H. (1999). Toward a psychology of being (3rd ed. ). New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
	Mauboussin, M. J. (2012). The success equation: Untangling skill and luck in business, sports, and investing: Harvard Business Review Press.
	May, R. (1994). The courage to create. New York: W. W. Norton.
	McDiarmid, G. W., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Learning for Uncertainty: Teaching Students How to Thrive in a Rapidly Evolving World. New York: Routledge.
	Menon, J. (2019). Why the Fourth Industrial Revolution could spell more jobs – not fewer. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/fourth-industrial-revolution-jobs/#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20jobs%20increased,Fourth%20Industrial%20Revolution%20(4IR).
	Mumford, M. D., Waples, E. P., Antes, A. L., Brown, R. P., Connelly, S., Murphy, S. T., & Devenport, L. D Creativity and ethics: The relationship of creative and ethical problem-solving Creativity Research Journal 2010 22 1 74 89 Mumford, M. D., Waples, E. P., Antes, A. L., Brown, R. P., Connelly, S., Murphy, S. T., & Devenport, L. D. (2010). Creativity and ethics: The relationship of creative and ethical problem-solving. Creativity Research Journal, 22(1), 74—89. doi: 10.1080/10400410903579619
	National Academies of Sciences, E., & Medicine. (2019). Monitoring educational equity. National Academies Press.
	National Association for College Admission Counseling. (2008). Report of the Commission on the Use of Standardized Tests in Undergraduate Admission. Retrieved from Arlington, VA: http://www.nacacnet.org/NR/rdonlyres/FE4E1899-653F-4D92-8629-86986D42BF5C/0/TestingComissionReport.pdf
	OECD. (2019, April). PISA 2021 Creative Thinking Framework. OECD. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/PISA-2021-creative-thinking-framework.pdf
	Page, S. E. (2007). The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools and Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
	Pluchino, A., Biondo, A. E., & Rapisarda, A. (2018). Talent vs Luck: the role of randomness in success and failure. Advances in Complex Systems Vol. 21, No. 03n04, 1850014, 21(03n04), 28.
	Puente-Díaz, R Creative self-efficacy: An exploration of its antecedents, consequences, and applied implications The Journal of psychology 2016 150 2 175 195 Puente-Díaz, R. (2016). Creative self-efficacy: An exploration of its antecedents, consequences, and applied implications. The Journal of psychology, 150(2), 175—195. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2015.1051498
	Reiss, S. (2000). Who am I? : The 16 basic desires that motivate our behavior and define our personality. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam.
	Reiss, S. (2004). Multifaceted Nature of Intrinsic Motivation: The Theory of 16 Basic Desires. Review of General Psychology, 8(3), 179−183. Retrieved from http://sitemaker.umich.edu/cognition.and.environment/files/reiss-intrinsic-mot.pdf
	Ridley, M. (2003). Nature via nurture : genes, experience, and what makes us human (1st ed. ). New York, N. Y.: HarperCollins.
	Rose, T. (2016). The end of average : how we succeed in a world that values sameness (First Edition. ed.). New York: HarperOne.
	Runco, M. A., Millar, G., Acar, S., & Cramond, B Torrance tests of creative thinking as predictors of personal and public achievement: A fifty-year follow-up Creativity Research Journal 2010 22 4 361 368 Runco, M. A., Millar, G., Acar, S., & Cramond, B. (2010). Torrance tests of creative thinking as predictors of personal and public achievement: A fifty-year follow-up. Creativity Research Journal, 22(4), 361—368. doi: 10.1080/10400419.2010.523393
	Schwab, K. (2015). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What It Means and How to Respond. Foreign Affairs, December 12(December 12). Retrieved from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-12-12/fourth-industrial-revolution
	Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness : using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: Free Press.
	Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish : A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being (1st Free Press hardcover ed.). New York: Free Press.
	Sinatra, R., Wang, D., Deville, P., Song, C., & Barabási, A.-L Quantifying the evolution of individual scientific impact Science 2016 354 6312 aaf5239 Sinatra, R., Wang, D., Deville, P., Song, C., & Barabási, A.-L. (2016). Quantifying the evolution of individual scientific impact. Science, 354(6312), aaf5239. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5239
	Taleb, N. N. (2007). The black swan: The impact of the highly improbable (Vol. 2). Random House.
	Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M Creative self-efficacy development and creative performance over time Journal of Applied Psychology 2011 96 2 277 Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2011). Creative self-efficacy development and creative performance over time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(2), 277. doi: 10.1037/a0020952
	Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century Skills: Learning for Life in Our Times. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
	Tucker, M. (Ed.) (2011). Surpassing Shanghai: An Agenda for American Education Built on the World’s Leading Systems. Boston: Harvard Education Press.
	Wagner, T. (2008). The Global Achievement Gap: Why Even Our Best Schools Don't Teach the New Survival Skills Our Children Need--And What We Can Do About It. New York: Basic Books.
	Wagner, T. (2012). Creating Innovators: The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World. New York: Scribner.
	Wagner, T., & Dintersmith, T. (2016). Most Likely to Succeed: Preparing Our Kids for the Innovation Era. New York: Scribner.
	Watterston, J., & Zhao, Y Leading education equity for all: Personalisation and differentiation Australian Educational Leader 2021 43 3 8 14 Watterston, J., & Zhao, Y. (2021). Leading education equity for all: Personalisation and differentiation. Australian Educational Leader, 43(3), 8—14.
	Weisberg, R. W. (2020). Rethinking creativity: Inside-the-box thinking as the basis for innovation. Cambridge University Press.
	World Economic Forum. (2016). The Future of Jobs: Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Retrieved from World Economic Forum: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf
	Zhao, Y. (2012). World Class Learners: Educating Creative and Entrepreneurial Students. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
	Zhao, Y A World at Risk: An Imperative for a Paradigm Shift to Cultivate 21st Century Learners Society 2015 52 2 129 135 Zhao, Y. (2015). A World at Risk: An Imperative for a Paradigm Shift to Cultivate 21st Century Learners. Society, 52(2), 129—135. doi: 10.1007/s12115-015-9872-8
	Zhao, Y. (2016a). Counting what counts : reframing education outcomes. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.
	Zhao, Y From Deficiency to Strength: Shifting the Mindset about Education Inequality Journal of Social Issues 2016b 72 4 716 735 Zhao, Y. (2016b). From Deficiency to Strength: Shifting the Mindset about Education Inequality. Journal of Social Issues, 72(4), 716—735.
	Zhao, Y. (2016c). The take-action guide to world class learners. Book 1: How to Make Personalization and Student Autonomy Happen. Thousand Oaks, California. : Corwin, A SAGE Company.
	Zhao, Y. (2016d). The take-action guide to world class learners. Book 2, How to "make" product-oriented learning happen. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Corwin, A SAGE Company.
	Zhao, Y. (2016e). The take-action guide to world class learners. Book 3, How to create a campus without borders. Thousand Oaks, California. : Corwin, A SAGE Company.
	Zhao, Y Personalizable Education for Greatness Kappa Delta Pi Record 2018a 54 3 109 115 Zhao, Y. (2018a). Personalizable Education for Greatness. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 54(3), 109—115. doi: 10.1080/00228958.2018.1481645
	Zhao, Y. (2018b). Reach for Greatness: Personalizable Education for All Children. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
	Zhao, Y The Rise of the Useless: the Case for Talent Diversity Journal of Science Education and Technology 2018c 28 62 68 Zhao, Y. (2018c). The Rise of the Useless: the Case for Talent Diversity. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 28, 62—68.
	Zhao, Y Tofu Is Not Cheese: Rethinking Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic ECNU Review of Education 2020 3 2 189 203 Zhao, Y. (2020). Tofu Is Not Cheese: Rethinking Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. ECNU Review of Education, 3(2), 189—203. doi: 10.1177/2096531120928082
	Zhao, Y., Emler, T. E., Snethen, A., & Yin, D. (2019). An Education Crisis Is a Terrible Thing to Waste: How Radical Changes Can Spark Student Excitement and Success. New York: Teachers College Press.
	Zhao, Y., & Watterston, J The changes we need: Education post COVID-19 Journal of Educational Change 2021 22 1 3 12 Zhao, Y., & Watterston, J. (2021). The changes we need: Education post COVID-19. Journal of Educational Change, 22(1), 3—12. doi: 10.1007/s10833-021-09417-3

[1]	Zheng Ke, Can Liang. Research on the Relationship between Exam-oriented Education and Students’ Creativity [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(4): 72-82.
[2]	Manli Li, Jinyu Wang, Quanshui Zheng, luping Xu. Exploring The Cultivation Mode of Top-notch Innovative Talents in Undergraduate Education in The New Era:A Qualitative Study Based on TheTsien Excellence in Engineering Program’s 12 Years of Pilot in Tsinghua University [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(8): 31-43.
[3]	Qinxiao Hu. Cultural Capital of Colleges and Universities: Connotation, Types and Characteristics [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(7): 1-26.
[4]	Haoxiang Hou, Xianyi Zhang, Dan Wang. Can Educational Robots Improve Student Creativity: An Meta-analysis Based on 48 Experimental and Quasi-experimental Studies [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(3): 99-111.
[5]	Gang Zhu, Shirley Dennis. Educational Leadership Reform and Teachers’ Professional Development from the Perspective of “the Fourth Way”: Theoretical Approach and Practical Pattern [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(2): 114-126.
[6]	Jie Sun. Transforming Educational Thought into Educational Theory： A Historical Investigation Centered on the Study of XueJi [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(12): 103-109.
[7]	Weiguo Pang. Psychological Views on Cultivating Students’ Creativity: Goals, Principles, and Strategies [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(11): 25-40.
[8]	Xin Zheng, Yuan Liu, Hongbiao Yin. How Cultures and Contexts Influence Teacher Learning: Taking Empirical Studies on Chinese Teacher Learning Communities as Examples [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(10): 29-41.
[9]	Zhifang Shao, Zhi Liu, Shuyu Yang, Zhongjing Huang. Open-mindedness: Report on the Study on Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescence (IV) [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(9): 77-92.
[10]	Jianguo Zhang. Karl Marx’s Thinking on Education: Construction Embedded in Emancipation of the Working Class [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(2): 15-29.
[11]	Jianhua Wang. Why and How to Build an Innovative and Entrepreneurial University [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(12): 99-106.
[12]	Lin Xiaoying, Xue Ying. The Macro Logic of University Personnel System Reform and the Micro-Action of Teachers’ Academic Work: The Game between Audit Culture and Academic Culture [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2020, 38(4): 40-61.
[13]	Zhu Xudong. On Building the Classroom Culture [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2020, 38(3): 57-70.
[14]	Gan Qiuling, Bai Xinwen, Liu Jian, Wei Rui, Ma Lihong, Xu Guanxing, Liu Yan, Kang Cuiping. Creativity Competence: Part III of the 5Cs Framework for Twenty-first Century Key Competences [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2020, 38(2): 57-70.
[15]	Li Yunxing, Wang Lianghui, Zhou Yueliang. Implication and Limits of Information Technology and Educational Theory [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2019, 37(5): 17-25.