华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 51-59+167.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2018.05.005

• 专题：高校毕业生就业研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

大学教育如何促进地区代际流动？——对大学生生源地、院校地和就业地城市级别的实证研究

马莉萍, 刘彦林   

  1. 北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所, 北京 100871
  • 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-14
  • 基金资助:
    北京市社会科学规划青年课题"逃离北上广：北京地区高校毕业生离京就业行为研究"（16JYC015）。

How College Education Promotes Intergenerational Mobility: An Empirical Study on the Comparison of Graduates' City of Birth, College and Job

MA Liping, LIU Yanlin   

  1. Graduate School of Education/Institute of Education and Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-14

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摘要： 本文使用2017年全国高校就业调查数据，从地区城市级别的角度分析上大学如何促进代际流动，揭示了大学生由生源地到院校地再到就业地的代际流动方向、比率、级别和影响因素。研究发现：大学教育能够促进学生进入到更高城市级别的地区，且就读于本科和重点院校、攻读研究生教育的影响最为显著；生源地级别越低，流动到更高级别城市的比例和机会越大、向上流动的级别越高，即大学教育对促进地区代际流动具有正向显著的影响。进一步的分析发现，大学教育对地区代际流动的影响主要有两种途径：一是所在地为地级市及以上级别城市的院校；二是通过大学教育提高人力资本，帮助大学生进入更高级别的地区就业。

关键词: 代际流动, 毕业生就业, 社会公平

Abstract: This paper analyzes how college education promotes intergenerational mobility from the perspective of city level. Using the 2017 national college graduates' employment survey data, it analyzes the direction, rate, level, and influencing factors of college students' intergenerational mobility at city levels of their birth, college and job. The study finds that college education significantly enables students to enter higher-level cities for work than their cities of birth, especially the key universities education and postgraduate education; the lower the level of their birth cities, the higher the proportion and opportunities to enter higher-level cities. Further research reveals that there are mainly two ways in which college education promotes intergenerational mobility:first, college institutions are predominantly located at higher-level cities in China; second, college education increases human capital, which helps college graduates find jobs at higher-level cities.

Key words: intergenerational mobility, employment of college graduates, social equality