Heavy Burden: The Excessive Spillover of Students’ Roles and its Consequence
Accepted date: 2022-07-04
Online published: 2022-12-03
中小学生的学业负担是一个“老大难”问题,但对这一问题的思考总是停留在就事论事的层面。人是社会性存在,角色是人之社会性的体现方式。学生是政府与社会指派给适龄儿童的社会性角色,带有“厚的”规范要求。学生是制度化角色,学校时空是学生角色的边界。本有边界的学生角色如今外溢到家庭、社区、社会,未成年人即便脱离了学校时空却依然是学生。学生角色的过度外溢与固化,让未成年人不能脱离学生角色及其规范要求获得片刻的喘息机会,更失去了尝试其他社会角色的机会。尤其突出的是,未成年人在家里的显著性角色依然是学生而不是子女,传统文化寄托在子女角色上的所有伦理规范都由此失去了角色依托。对未成年人来说,最根本的负担是角色负担,学业负担只不过是由角色负担衍生出来的次生负担。
高德胜 . 沉重的学生负担:角色的过度外溢及其后果[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2022 , 40(12) : 14 -25 . DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.12.002
The academic burden of primary and secondary school students is a “long-standing and difficult” problem, but the thinking on this problem always stays at the level of matter-of-factly. The human-being is a social existence, and the role is the embodiment of man’s sociality. Students are the social roles assigned by the government and society to school-age children, with “thick” normative requirements. Students are institutionalized roles, and school’s spatial context is the boundary of students’ roles. The role of students with boundaries now spills over to families, communities and society. Even if juveniles are separated from school’s spatial context, they are still students. The excessive spillover and solidification of students’ roles make juveniles unable to get a break from students’ roles and their normative requirements, and lose the opportunity to try other social roles. In particular, the significant role of juveniles at home is still students rather than children, and all ethical norms pinned on children’s roles in traditional culture have lost their role support. For juveniles, the most fundamental burden is the role burden, and the academic burden is only a secondary burden derived from the role burden.
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