随着人类赖以生存的自然环境面临着的空前危机，以及呼吁可持续发展的“碳中和时代”以不可抵挡之势的来临，要求人类必须注重自然和未来社会的长远发展。在全世界共同应对生态危机的诸多方案中，教育是应对人类世以来全球性生态危机的关键途径，而其所遵循的伦理方法是责任伦理。这种以自然为目的、强调行为动机善性与行为结果善性的“自然责任伦理”成为了拯救发展困境的理论指引，它强烈要求人类为自然永续发展负责。反观现实，当前自然教育效果有待提升，“自然缺失”的问题仍然比较严重，距离社会期待与自然教育的应有之义仍有较大差距。旨在培养青少年对自然负责的自然责任伦理教育是碳中和时代下的必然趋势，且能够实现自然教育效果的帕累托最优状态。自然责任伦理教育的责任行动主体可以是集体也可以是个体，相应地，实施自然责任伦理教育也分为集体途径和个体途径。从个体层面来讲，作为社会公民的每一位个体，都肩负着履行保护自然的道德责任；从社会层面来讲，能够切实履行自然责任教育职责的实体主要是政府，其具体执行者又主要表现为政府举办的各级各类学校及其机构。自然责任伦理教育需要广大青少年关心自然资源及环境生态，认识人类社会之外的自然界的美，了解环境与动植物生存的关系，了解国家对于自然资源保护所付出的努力及取得的成就，明白个人对于国家可持续发展所肩负的责任，并且在生活世界中积极践行保护自然环境的责任。

The natural environment on which humanity depends is facing an unprecedented crisis, and the “carbon-neutral era” that calls for sustainable development is approaching with an irresistible momentum, which requires humanity to focus on the long-term development of nature and future society. As the world responds to the ecological crisis, education is the key way to address the global ecological crisis since the Anthropocene, which follows the ethical approach to the ethics of responsibility. The “ethics of natural responsibility”, which emphasizes the goodness of motives and results of actions with nature as the purpose, has become a theoretical guide to rescue the development dilemma, which strongly demands that humans be responsible for the sustainable development of nature. In reality, the effectiveness of nature education needs to be improved, and the problem of “nature deficit” is still serious and far from what society expects and what nature education should be. Nature responsibility ethics education, which aims to cultivate young people to be responsible for nature, is an inevitable trend in the age of carbon neutrality, and can achieve the Pareto optimal state of nature education effectiveness. The responsible actors of nature responsibility ethics education can be collective or individual, and accordingly, there are collective and individual ways to implement nature responsibility ethics education. On the individual level, each individual as a citizen of society has the moral responsibility to protect nature; on the social level, the main entity that can effectively implement nature responsibility education is the government, and the specific implementers are mainly the schools and institutions at all levels organized by the government. Education on the ethics of natural responsibility requires training young people to care about the use of natural resources and the conservation of the environment and ecology, to recognize the beauty of nature outside of human society, to understand the relationship between the environment and the survival of plants and animals, to understand the efforts and achievements of the country in the conservation of natural resources, to understand their personal responsibility for the sustainable development of the country, and to actively practice their responsibility to protect the natural environment in the world they live in.