网络出版日期: 2024-04-01
基金资助
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地课题“教育与高质量就业” (22JJD880003);深圳职业技术学院新时代中国职业教育研究院课题“职业教育改革对学生职业发展与收入水平影响研究” (SZ22B01);深圳市重点人文社科研究基地—深圳技师学院技能型社会研究中心课题“技能型社会建设的深圳实践”。
Vocational Education and Employment of Skilled Talents in the Context of Construction of Skilled Society
Online published: 2024-04-01
技能型社会建设是我国应对技能短缺挑战的核心战略,其劳动力市场发展目标包括公众技能水平显著提升;产业、行业、岗位技能短缺情况明显改善;技能空间配置日趋合理。有效技能供给是达成这些目标的关键,它的实现依赖于职业教育体系、劳动力市场和劳动力市场发展目标的协同发展。实证分析表明,我国高等职业教育的规模扩张提升了全社会的技能人才供给总规模。高职毕业生的初次就业流动在一定程度上影响了技能人才的产业转移、行业配置、岗位供给和空间分布,毕业生向高技能人才的转型受到数字/平台经济、零工经济和新就业形态的影响。为提升职业教育对技能型社会建设的支持力度,需进一步研究劳动力市场形态的新变化及其对职业教育发展和技能人才配置的影响,并以此为基础制定合理的技能型社会发展战略。
杨钋 , 姜琳丽 , 徐斯沛 . 技能型社会建设背景下职业教育与技能型人才就业[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2024 , 42(4) : 23 -38 . DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2024.04.003
The construction of a skilled society represents China’s central strategy in addressing the challenge of skill shortage. The key labor market development goals of such a society include a significant enhancement of skill capacity of general population, a marked decline in skill shortages across industries, sectors, and occupations, and an increasingly suitable spatial allocation of skills. Effective skill provision is pivotal for achieving these goals, and its realization hinges on the synergistic development of the national vocational education system and the labor market. Empirical analyses indicate that the expansion of China’s higher vocational education has augmented the overall stock of skill capital. The initial employment mobility of vocational college graduates has optimized the allocation of skilled talents across industries, sectors, and occupations. However, the allocation is influenced by the development of the digital/platform economy, gig economy, and emerging work modalities. A relatively high in-province employment rate and asymmetrical inter-city mobility of graduates might pose challenges for optimal spatial distribution of skills. The expansion of vocational education in China is a prerequisite for effective skill provision, yet its efficacy is contingent upon the evolution of labor market structures. To better leverage vocational education development in support of constructing a skilled society, it is imperative to rigorously study the recent shifts in labor market structures and their implications for vocational education and skilled talent allocation. Based on this, a well-informed strategy for the development of a skilled society should be formulated.
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