专题:教育身体史研究(特约主持人:周洪宇)

异化·僭越·启蒙:《红楼梦》与明清女性身体教育

  • 于洋
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  • 湖北大学教育学院,武汉 430062
于洋

网络出版日期: 2016-11-22

基金资助

教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“明清小说中的教育生活研究”(15YJC880114)。

Alienation, Resistance and Revelation: A Dream of the Red Chamber and Female Body Education in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

  • YU Yang
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  • Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
YU Yang

Online published: 2016-11-22

摘要

在教育活动史研究视野下移、史料来源拓宽的背景下,《红楼梦》成为研究明清教育身体史的重要符号之一。儒家道德对女性教育的矛盾要求,改朝易代带来的极度管控,都将明清时期的女性身体教育推向异化的扭曲状态。在传统礼教标榜塑造“道德的身体”的基础上,明清女性身体教育逐渐由“以礼修身”演变为身体的尊卑教育,进而发展到“以礼为法”。《红楼梦》以比官修典籍更接近世俗真实的笔触反映了明清女性的身体意识,揭露了明清女性教育的奴役原则对身体的“暴政”,启蒙我们重回女性身体解放的根本,即找回自我身体的“元话语”。

本文引用格式

于洋 . 异化·僭越·启蒙:《红楼梦》与明清女性身体教育[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2016 , 34(4) : 36 -40 . DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2016.04.005

Abstract

Research on the history of educational activities requires researchers to pay more attention to the common people and multiple sources of historical documents. As a classic novel,A Dream of the Red Chamber has been used as the research text of history, as well as one of the important material for studying the history of education, e.g. body history during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This article attempts to study female body education through combining the official historical documents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and A Dream of the Red Chamber. Results show that in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, though men favored talented women, they could not escape from the influence of deep rooted feudal ethics. In terms of female education, Confucian ethics is full of contradictions. On the one hand, intellectual men disliked foolish women; on the other hand, women were not supposed to read many books, but to restrain their body and behaviors. This made women depressed about receiving education. Influenced by the traditional Confucianism, female body education gradually developed into that of the nobleness and humbleness, and thus legally prescribed. Female body education in this period tended to pursue the gentle and quiet state of body as noble, while the active state of the body as humble. At the same time, female body education emphasized the ethical structures through the relationship between superior and subordinate, father and son, husband and wife, and that a woman's body belonged to her husband or son. As a result, female body education was mandatory under strict legal control. The authorities published many textbooks for women, and women's words and deeds were limited to men’s requirements in the form of mandatory laws. The alienation of female body education is not just about the discipline of social ideology under male’s surveillance, rather, the female themselves transformed the education into a kind of selfsurveillance. This invisible surveillance and discourse could gradually erode and change the female group, reducing them to obedient group. In the official historical documents, we see death in women, most of whom committed suicide in the name of love. However, A Dream of the Red Chamber revealed the true cause of women’s death, which reflected their fight against female body education. The novel may help us return to the fundamental problem of women's liberation, that is, to regain the body’s self consciousness. In this sense, A Dream of the Red Chamber is the enlightenment of female body education in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

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