教育法制

“校园欺凌”的概念界定及其法律责任

  • 任海涛
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  • 华东师范大学法学院, 上海 200241

网络出版日期: 2017-03-27

基金资助

上海市教育法学人才培养计划(2016JYFXR013)。

The Definition of School Bullying and its Legal Liability

  • REN Haitao
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  • East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Online published: 2017-03-27

摘要

校园欺凌频发已成为社会和政府广泛关注的问题。学术界对于校园欺凌的研究已经展开,但是对于校园欺凌的基本概念尚未形成共识,这对于有效防治、深入研究校园欺凌不利。清晰厘定校园欺凌概念是有效防治该现象的必要前提。校园欺凌与校园暴力是不同的概念,长期将二者混为一谈,对于治理该现象不利。校园欺凌概念应该从狭义上界定,它不应该包括校外入侵,也不包括教师作为受害人的现象。狭义校园欺凌产生的法律责任可以分为三类:学生作为欺凌者的责任,教师作为欺凌者的责任,对校园欺凌行为管理不力者的责任。这些责任主要包括民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任。完善法律并对这些责任进行相关规定,才能够有效依靠法律手段防治校园欺凌。

本文引用格式

任海涛 . “校园欺凌”的概念界定及其法律责任[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2017 , 35(2) : 43 -50+118 . DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2017.02.005

Abstract

In April, 2016, the Education Supervision Committee under the State Council, People's Republic of China issued the Circular on Handling School Bullying, aiming to tackle the deliberate or violate insulation and injuries caused by physical, verbal and cyber means among primary and second students nationwide in China. Then in Sep.11th, 2016, China Ministry of Education and other nine departments issued the Guidance of Anti-School Bullying and Violence to prevent the occurrence of school bullying and school violence through educational preventions, legal punishments and the comprehensive resolutions and regulations. #br#At present, school bullying has become a great social and governmental concern. However, there is no shared definition of school bullying and violence though it is highly discussed in the academic community. The difference between school bullying and violence is important for further prevention and discussion. An explicit concept of school bullying is the prerequisite of efficient ways of curbing school bullying and school violence. The concept of school bullying is not the same as that of school violence.#br#In this article, the author argues that the concept of school bullying should be defined narrowly and such bullying phenomenon as out-of-school invasion, teachers as the victims should not be included. The narrow meaning of school bullying is an aggressively, constantly physical or psychological behavior among students or teachers that involves a really mental torture in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools and some other places. The characteristic of the narrow meaning of school bullying involve three aspects.#br#First, it occurs in kindergartens, primary and secondly schools and some other reasonable places. Second, the bullies should be related to the victims. As for the kindergarten, primary and secondly school students, the closer one are their teachers and peer buddies. Third, teachers as the victims are not included. Fourth, school bullying has a constant and permanent influence. Fifth, the victims have to suffer from it unwillingly. Sixth, school bullying does harm to the students. Seventh, school bullying includes different actions such as making threats, stealing, spreading rumors, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purposes, etc.. #br#Besides, the article discusses the legal liabilities caused by school bullying (the student, the teacher and the administrator as the bully), which include civil liabilities, administrative liabilities and criminal liabilities. In conclusion, the author argues that only by improving the related laws and regulations and defining the liabilities can we prevent and reduce school bullying by law.

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