高考科目和内容的设置,被认为是导致近年来高考录取中"男少女多"的重要原因。本研究采用2005、2008、2011和2014年全国高考数学、语文、英语试卷,对在校高中生进行实测,取得了各年份考试成绩的性别差异量,进而考察了各份试卷性差分辨力的稳定性,以及女生上线比例与参试者性别比和录取率的关系。结果显示:(1)近些年高考试卷的性差分辨力不太稳定;(2)高考成绩的性别差异确实存在,但总体差距不大;(3)参试者性别比和录取率等因素的变化,是导致高考录取性别比变化的主要原因。
Girls in mainland China are getting more offers from universities and colleges than boys in re-cent years. It's believed that the given subjects and contents in College Entrance Examination are important contributing factors. This study attempts to answer the two questions:a) is gender gap discrimination power stable in recent years? b) is gender ratio of college admission determined mainly by gender gap in academic a-chievement? sample 3,160 high school students from Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang and Hunan participated in the study. Their scores in Mathematics, Chinese and English, together with the test items of National Col-lege Entrance Examination in the year 2005, 2008, 2011 and 2014 were collected and analyzed. Gender gaps were calculated, and hence the stability of gender gap discrimination power across the years. The results show:a) gender gap discrimination power is not stable; b) many of the academic achievement gender gaps are small; c) gender ratio of college admission is determined mainly by participants' gender ratio and general admission rates.
教育部. (2016a). 高等教育普通本、专科学生数(Number of Regular Students Enrolled in Normal and Short-cycle Courses in Higher Education, 2015年度). http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A03/moe_560/jytjsj_2015/2015_gd/201610/t20161011_284357.html
教育部. (2016b). 各级各类学校女学生数(Number of Female Students of Schools by Type and Level, 2015年度). http://www.moe.gov.cn/s78/A03/moe_560/jytjsj_2015/2015_qg/201610/t20161012_284506.html
雷新勇. (2007). 上海高考英语分数的性别差异及其原因. 上海教育科研, 06, 43-46.
李金波, 杨军. (2014). 高考学科表现的性别差异分析. 教育与考试, (6), 5-10.
李文道, 孙云晓. (2012). 我国男生"学业落后"的现状、成因与思考. 教育研究, (09), 38-43.
马宇航, 杨东平. (2016). 高等教育女性化的国际比较研究. 江苏高教, 189, 7-11.
邵志芳, 庞维国. (2016). 高考成绩性别差异研究的回顾与展望. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 34, 69-75+118.
王金娜. (2016). 高考统考科目的"文科偏向"与隐性教育不公平——基于场域-文化资本的视角. 教育发展研究, (20), 8-14.
曾满超, Mun Tsang. (2012). 中国高考成绩的性别差异(英文). 北京论坛(2012)文明的和谐与共同繁荣——教育分论坛论文及摘要集. 北京大学、北京市教育委员会、韩国高等教育财团:2012:42
Hyde, J. S. (2005). The Gender Similarities Hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60, 581-592.
Renato, G. G. C. (2016). Gender differences in academic achievement:The mediating role of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 54-58.
Strand, S., Deary, I. J., & Smith, P. (2006). Sex differences in cognitive abilities test scores:A UK national picture. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 463-480.
Voyer, D., & Voyer, S. D. (2014). Gender differences in scholastic achievement:A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1174-1204.