基础教育

体育锻炼能够促进青少年的认知能力发展吗?——基于中国教育追踪调查数据的实证研究

  • 方超 ,
  • 黄斌
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  • 南京财经大学 公共管理学院,南京 210023

网络出版日期: 2021-03-22

基金资助

国家社科基金教育学2020年度青年课题“教育结果公平视角贫困家庭子女的义务教育补偿机制研究”(CFA200249)

Can Physical Exercise Promote the Development of Teenagers’ Cognitive Ability? An Empirical Study Based on CEPS

  • Chao Fang ,
  • Bin Huang
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  • College of Public Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023

Online published: 2021-03-22

摘要

本文利用中国教育追踪调查数据(2014—2015),采用普通最小二乘法、分位数回归以及倾向得分匹配法,实证检验了体育锻炼对青少年认知能力的影响,结果发现:(1)利用普通最小二乘法测得经常参与体育锻炼的青少年在认知能力测试上比不经常参与的青少年高出0.149个标准分,当控制前期能力后,青少年参加体育锻炼的时间每上升1个单位值,能将认知能力提高0.049个标准分;(2)利用分位数回归发现参加体育锻炼对认知能力处于中位数上的青少年具有最强的促进作用,体育锻炼的异质性特征突出表现为“倒V”型曲线,而利用无条件分位数回归发现经常参与体育锻炼能够缩小低–高分位点上认知能力的组内差异;(3)利用Probit模型发现学校作业并非青少年参与体育锻炼的决定因素,看电视、玩网络游戏等课余活动的时间则对青少年参与体育锻炼构成了挤出关系,文化资本、人力资本以及教育期望与青少年的体育运动参与率呈正相关;(4)利用倾向得分匹配法发现体育锻炼影响认知能力的平均处理效应落入[0.095,0.117]的取值区间,而忽视选择性偏差将会高估体育锻炼的净效应。

本文引用格式

方超 , 黄斌 . 体育锻炼能够促进青少年的认知能力发展吗?——基于中国教育追踪调查数据的实证研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021 , 39(3) : 84 -98 . DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.03.008

Abstract

Based on the data of CEPS (2014—2015), this paper empirically tested the impact of physical exercise on adolescents’ cognitive ability using OLS, QR and PSM. It is found that, first, according to OLS, the cognitive ability of adolescents who often participate in physical exercise is 0.149 higher than that of adolescents who do not often participate in physical exercise. When the pre-ability is controlled, the cognitive ability can be improved by 0.049 for every unit increase in the time that teenagers take part in physical exercise. Second, physical exercise has the strongest promoting effect on adolescents whose cognitive ability is in the middle, while the heterogeneity of physical exercise is characterized by “inverted V-shaped” curve by using the method of QR. Regular physical exercise could reduce the intra-group differences in cognitive ability at low and high scores by using the method of UQR. Third, school work is not the decisive factor for teenagers to participate in physical exercise, while watching TV, playing online games and other extracurricular activities constitute an extrusion relationship for teenagers to participate in physical exercise. Cultural capital, human capital and educational expectation are positively correlated with teenagers’ participation rate in physical exercise by using model Probit. Finally, the influence of physical exercise on cognitive ability and its average processing effect fall into the value range of [0.095, 0.117], while ignoring the selective deviation will result in high net effect of physical exercise by using PSM.

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