Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences) ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 1-12.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.08.001
Qiuheng Shi, Kexin Ren
Online:
2023-08-01
Published:
2023-07-25
Qiuheng Shi, Kexin Ren. The Connotation and Influencing Factors of Employment Ability of College Students in China:Based on the Comparison Between Applied Universities and Research Universities[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(8): 1-12.
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变量类型 | 指标 | 操作化定义 | 均值 | 标准差 |
因变量 | 就业能力 | 运用相关权重法确定专业知识技能、性格特质以及通用能力的权重,并以此计算出就业能力的分数 | 4.591 | 0.774 |
专业知识技能 | 经由因子得分法计算得出 | 4.412 | 0.885 | |
性格特质 | 4.627 | 0.781 | ||
通用能力 | 4.575 | 0.804 | ||
自变量 | 同伴互动投入 | 4个题项得分均值,1=完全不同意,6=完全同意 | 4.439 | 0.839 |
课外活动投入 | 8个题项得分均值,1=完全不同意,6=完全同意 | 2.779 | 0.81 | |
课外学习投入 | 7个题项得分均值,1=完全不同意,6=完全同意 | 3.249 | 0.919 | |
课堂学习投入 | 7个题项得分均值,1=完全不同意,6=完全同意 | 4.091 | 0.862 | |
教师教学 | 14个题项得分均值,1=完全不同意,6=完全同意 | 4.422 | 0.798 | |
实习实训 | 4个题项得分均值,1=完全不同意,6=完全同意 | 4.216 | 0.932 | |
分类变量 | 高校类型 | 0=应用型高校,1=研究型高校 | 0.082 | 0.274 |
控制变量 | 生源地 | 0-农村,1=城市 | 0.373 | 0.484 |
家庭受教育程度 | 0=第一代大学生,1=非第一代大学生 | 0.205 | 0.404 | |
家庭收入 | 0=低收入,1=中等收入,2=高收入 | 1.164 | 0.555 | |
家庭阶层 | 1=底层家庭,2=中层家庭,3=上层家庭 | 1.577 | 0.669 | |
成绩 | 0=成绩差,1=成绩好 | 0.797 | 0.403 | |
就业意向 | 1=工作,2=升学,3=出国出境 | 1.215 | 0.441 | |
性别 | 0=女性,1=男性 | 0.418 | 0.493 | |
专业 | 0=人文社科,1=理工农医 | 0.505 | 0.5 | |
民族 | 0=少数民族,1=汉族 | 0.902 | 0.298 |
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变量 | 分组 | 均值±标准差 | 95%CI | T检验 | |||
Upper | Lower | T | p | ||||
就业能力 | 研究型高校 | 4.64±0.018 | ?0.094 | ?0.019 | ?2.981*** | 0.003 | |
应用型高校 | 4.59±0.005 | ||||||
性格特质 | 研究型高校 | 4.74±0.018 | ?0.160 | ?0.086 | ?6.488*** | 0.000 | |
应用型高校 | 4.62±0.006 | ||||||
通用能力 | 研究型高校 | 4.61±0.019 | ?0.073 | 0.005 | ?1.688 | 0.092 | |
应用型高校 | 4.57±0.006 | ||||||
专业知识技能 | 研究型高校 | 4.41±0.022 | ?0.046 | 0.042 | ?0.075 | 0.940 | |
应用型高校 | 4.41±0.006 |
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
变量 | 就业能力 | 通用能力 | 专业知识技能 | 性格特质 |
城市 | ?0.049 | ?0.071* | ?0.02 | ?0.051 |
(?0.03) | (?0.034) | (?0.038) | (?0.033) | |
非第一代大学生 | 0.013 | ?0.01 | 0.018 | 0.032 |
(?0.03) | (?0.035) | (?0.039) | (?0.034) | |
中等收入家庭 | 0.159* | 0.177* | 0.063 | 0.218* |
(?0.081) | (?0.086) | (?0.093) | (?0.089) | |
高收入家庭 | 0.238** | 0.292** | 0.115 | 0.280** |
(?0.084) | (?0.089) | (?0.096) | (?0.092) | |
中层家庭 | 0.006 | 0.027 | ?0.048 | 0.031 |
(?0.031) | (?0.036) | (?0.039) | (?0.036) | |
上层家庭 | ?0.007 | 0.032 | ?0.053 | ?0.006 |
(?0.044) | (?0.05) | (?0.054) | (?0.049) | |
男性 | 0.044* | 0.029 | 0.094** | 0.016 |
(?0.024) | (?0.028) | (?0.032) | (?0.027) | |
汉族 | ?0.055 | ?0.075 | ?0.027 | ?0.057 |
(?0.043) | (?0.048) | (?0.056) | (?0.047) | |
理工农医(含军事) | 0.006 | 0.023 | 0 | ?0.006 |
(?0.031) | (?0.035) | (?0.039) | (?0.034) | |
成绩好 | 0.073* | 0.063* | 0.096** | 0.062* |
(?0.029) | (?0.032) | (?0.035) | (?0.033) | |
升学 | ?0.025 | ?0.04 | ?0.034 | ?0.002 |
(?0.025) | (?0.028) | (?0.033) | (?0.027) | |
出国出境 | 0.026 | 0.081 | ?0.018 | 0.007 |
(?0.067) | (?0.081) | (?0.077) | (?0.078) | |
教师教学 | 0.345*** | 0.334*** | 0.349*** | 0.342*** |
(?0.039) | (?0.048) | (?0.044) | (?0.042) | |
同伴互动投入 | 0.216*** | 0.243*** | 0.214*** | 0.185*** |
(?0.033) | (?0.04) | (?0.04) | (?0.036) | |
实习实训 | 0.097*** | 0.058*** | 0.166*** | 0.074** |
(?0.019) | (?0.021) | (?0.026) | (?0.021) | |
课外活动投入 | 0.032 | 0.029 | 0.005 | 0.057** |
(?0.019) | (?0.021) | (?0.024) | (?0.021) | |
课外学习投入 | ?0.013 | ?0.006 | 0.092*** | ?0.107*** |
(?0.02) | (?0.023) | (?0.026) | (?0.023) | |
课堂学习投入 | 0.137*** | 0.133*** | 0.086* | 0.180*** |
(?0.028) | (?0.032) | (?0.036) | (?0.032) | |
Constant | 0.950*** | 1.013*** | 0.410*** | 1.313*** |
(?0.129) | (?0.145) | (?0.145) | (?0.15) | |
观测值 | 1,798 | 1,798 | 1,798 | 1,798 |
R-squared | 0.581 | 0.508 | 0.515 | 0.487 |
"
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
变量 | 就业能力 | 通用能力 | 专业知识技能 | 性格特质 |
城市 | 0.028** | 0.028** | 0.014 | 0.039*** |
(?0.009) | (?0.01) | (?0.011) | (?0.01) | |
非第一代大学生 | ?0.019 | ?0.011 | ?0.029* | ?0.019 |
(?0.012) | (?0.013) | (?0.015) | (?0.013) | |
中等收入家庭 | 0.050** | 0.052** | 0.032 | 0.061*** |
(?0.015) | (?0.016) | (?0.018) | (?0.016) | |
高收入家庭 | 0.078*** | 0.085*** | 0.044* | 0.098*** |
(?0.017) | (?0.019) | (?0.021) | (?0.018) | |
中层家庭 | ?0.006 | ?0.002 | 0.002 | ?0.015 |
(?0.009) | (?0.01) | (?0.011) | (?0.01) | |
上层家庭 | ?0.032* | ?0.025 | ?0.019 | ?0.050** |
(?0.017) | (?0.018) | (?0.021) | (?0.018) | |
男性 | 0.007 | 0.012 | 0.006 | 0.002 |
(?0.009) | (?0.009) | (?0.01) | (?0.009) | |
汉族 | 0.025 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.028* |
(?0.013) | (?0.014) | (?0.016) | (?0.014) | |
理工农医(含军事) | 0.017* | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.028** |
(?0.008) | (?0.009) | (?0.01) | (?0.009) | |
成绩好 | 0.099*** | 0.095*** | 0.122*** | 0.081*** |
(?0.011) | (?0.012) | (?0.013) | (?0.012) | |
升学 | 0.028** | 0.031** | ?0.009 | 0.056*** |
(?0.01) | (?0.011) | (?0.012) | (?0.011) | |
出国出境 | ?0.028 | ?0.024 | ?0.102 | 0.03 |
(?0.046) | (?0.05) | (?0.062) | (?0.049) | |
教师教学 | 0.278*** | 0.253*** | 0.300*** | 0.275*** |
(?0.012) | (?0.013) | (?0.014) | (?0.012) | |
同伴互动投入 | 0.209*** | 0.233*** | 0.171*** | 0.213*** |
(?0.01) | (?0.011) | (?0.013) | (?0.011) | |
实习实训 | 0.077*** | 0.050*** | 0.131*** | 0.055*** |
(?0.007) | (?0.008) | (?0.009) | (?0.008) | |
课外活动投入 | 0.024*** | 0.025*** | 0.007 | 0.038*** |
(?0.006) | (?0.006) | (?0.007) | (?0.006) | |
课外学习投入 | ?0.023** | ?0.007 | 0.048*** | ?0.097*** |
(?0.007) | (?0.007) | (?0.008) | (?0.007) | |
课堂学习投入 | 0.212*** | 0.204*** | 0.180*** | 0.240*** |
(?0.008) | (?0.009) | (?0.01) | (?0.009) | |
Constant | 1.078*** | 1.154*** | 0.711*** | 1.279*** |
(?0.037) | (?0.041) | (?0.043) | (?0.04) | |
观测值 | 20,188 | 20,188 | 20,188 | 20,188 |
R-squared | 0.522 | 0.459 | 0.461 | 0.461 |
"
交互项 | 就业能力 | 性格特质 | 通用能力 | 专业知识技能 |
教师教学*研究型高校 | 0.051* | 0.028 | 0.054* | 0.075** |
(?0.02) | (?0.023) | (?0.024) | (?0.023) | |
同伴互动投入*研究型高校 | 0.024 | ?0.006 | 0.025 | 0.059** |
(?0.018) | (?0.02) | (?0.021) | (?0.021) | |
实习实训*研究型高校 | 0.040** | 0.025 | 0.034* | 0.064** |
(?0.015) | (?0.017) | (?0.017) | (?0.02) | |
课外活动投入*研究型高校 | 0.004 | 0.003 | ?0.001 | 0.012 |
(?0.018) | (?0.02) | (?0.02) | (?0.023) | |
课外学习投入*研究型高校 | 0.005 | ?0.02 | ?0.003 | 0.043* |
(?0.016) | (?0.018) | (?0.018) | (?0.02) | |
课堂学习投入*研究型高校 | ?0.021 | ?0.037 | ?0.023 | 0 |
(?0.018) | (?0.021) | (?0.021) | (?0.022) | |
观测值 | 21,986 | 21,986 | 21,986 | 21,986 |
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