Vocational Education and Employment of Skilled Talents in the Context of Construction of Skilled Society

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2024.04.003

Abstract

Abstract:

The construction of a skilled society represents China’s central strategy in addressing the challenge of skill shortage. The key labor market development goals of such a society include a significant enhancement of skill capacity of general population, a marked decline in skill shortages across industries, sectors, and occupations, and an increasingly suitable spatial allocation of skills. Effective skill provision is pivotal for achieving these goals, and its realization hinges on the synergistic development of the national vocational education system and the labor market. Empirical analyses indicate that the expansion of China’s higher vocational education has augmented the overall stock of skill capital. The initial employment mobility of vocational college graduates has optimized the allocation of skilled talents across industries, sectors, and occupations. However, the allocation is influenced by the development of the digital/platform economy, gig economy, and emerging work modalities. A relatively high in-province employment rate and asymmetrical inter-city mobility of graduates might pose challenges for optimal spatial distribution of skills. The expansion of vocational education in China is a prerequisite for effective skill provision, yet its efficacy is contingent upon the evolution of labor market structures. To better leverage vocational education development in support of constructing a skilled society, it is imperative to rigorously study the recent shifts in labor market structures and their implications for vocational education and skilled talent allocation. Based on this, a well-informed strategy for the development of a skilled society should be formulated.

Key words: skilled society, vocational education, effective skill provision, employment

Po Yang, Linli Jiang, Sipei Xu. Vocational Education and Employment of Skilled Talents in the Context of Construction of Skilled Society[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(4): 23-38.

Figures/Tables 9

行业大类	行业类名称	2022届	2021届	2020届	2019届	2018届	5年变化
第一产业	农、林、牧、渔业	2.3	2.2	2.3	1.9	1.9	0.4
第一产业	总计	2.3	2.2	2.3	1.9	1.9	0.4
第二产业	建筑业	9.6	10.7	11.4	11.1	11.9	?2.3
	机械设备制造业	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.1	2.9	0.8
	化学品、化工、塑胶制造业	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.5	0.1
	电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业	2.2	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.3	0.9
	其他制造业	2.1	1.5	1.2	1.0	0.6	1.5
	医药及设备制造业	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.9	0.2
	纺织、服装、皮革制造业	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.5	0.4
	食品、烟草、加工业	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.7	0.0
	初级金属制造业	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.3
	采矿业	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.3
	家具制造业	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	?0.1
	玻璃黏土、石灰水泥制品业	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.2
	木品和纸品业	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	?0.1
	总计	29.7	29.0	28.8	27.7	27.5	2.2
第三产业	医疗和社会护理服务业	8.0	8.0	7.4	7.5	7.7	0.3
	零售业	6.5	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.6	?0.1
	教育业	5.9	6.9	7.7	7.8	7.3	?1.4
	信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.4	0.4
	电子电气设备制造业（含计算机、通信、家电等）	5.6	5.1	4.8	4.6	4.8	0.8
	住宿和餐饮业	4.3	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.5	0.8
	居民服务、修理和其他服务业	4.1	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.6	?0.5
	各类专业设计与咨询服务业	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.7	4.9	?1.0
	政府及公共管理	3.8	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.3	0.5
	金融业	3.6	4.0	4.2	4.6	5.2	?1.6
	文化、体育和娱乐业	3.5	3.3	3.0	3.1	2.8	0.7
	运输业	2.8	2.8	2.8	3.0	3.0	?0.2
	行政、商业和环境保护辅助业	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.5	?0.2
	交通运输设备制造业	2.3	2.1	2	2.1	2.5	?0.2
	房地产开发及租赁业	2.0	2.3	2.9	3.0	3.1	?1.1
	邮递、物流及仓储业	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	?0.2
	批发业	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.7	?0.4
	其他租赁业	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1
	群众团体、社会团体和宗教组织	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
	总计	67.7	68.6	68.8	70.2	70.8	?3.1

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年份次序	1	2	3	4	5
2003年	专业技术人员	办事和有关人员	商业和服务人员	行政管理人员	企业管理人员
2005年	专业技术人员	办事和有关人员	商业和服务人员	行政管理人员	企业管理人员
2007年	办事和有关人员	专业技术人员	行政管理人员	商业和服务人员	生产、运输设备操作人员
2009年	专业技术人员	企业管理人员	商业和服务人员	行政管理人员	办事和有关人员
2011年	商业和服务人员	专业技术人员	企业管理人员	行政管理人员	其他
2013年	专业技术人员	商业和服务人员	办事和有关人员	企业管理人员	生产、运输设备操作人员
2015年	专业技术人员	商业和服务人员	企业管理人员	办事和有关人员	生产、运输设备操作人员
2017年	专业技术人员	企业管理人员	商业和服务人员	行政管理人员	办事和有关人员
2019年	专业技术人员	商业和服务人员	其他	行政管理人员	企业管理人员
总计	专业技术人员	商业和服务人员	办事和有关人员	企业管理人员	行政管理人员

济南市			青岛市			潍坊市
城市名称	样本占比	生源排序	城市名称	样本占比	生源排序	城市名称	样本占比	生源排序
济南市	49.87%	1	青岛市	32.86%	1	潍坊市	59.56%	1
潍坊市	11.93%	2	潍坊市	7.85%	2	济南市	10.04%	2
淄博市	11.40%	3	济南市	11.16%	3	淄博市	8.41%	3
东营市	6.36%	4	东营市	8.49%	4	日照市	6.79%	4
日照市	4.83%	5	淄博市	8.33%	5	东营市	4.49%	5
滨州市	3.31%	6	日照市	7.94%	6	烟台市	2.68%	6
临沂市	3.10%	7	烟台市	3.77%	7	青岛市	2.29%	7
威海市	2.84%	8	威海市	3.46%	8	威海市	1.63%	8
烟台市	2.21%	9	滨州市	1.65%	9	滨州市	1.43%	9
聊城市	1.26%	10	枣庄市	1.34%	10	济宁市	1.05%	10
济宁市	1.10%	11	济宁市	1.26%	11	临沂市	0.67%	11
青岛市	0.95%	12	临沂市	1.02%	12	枣庄市	0.67%	12
枣庄市	0.84%	13	聊城市	0.86%	13	聊城市	0.29%	13

[1]	Guoqing Xu, Shuaishuai Sun. Problem Background, Structure Design and Path Planning of the Construction of Skilled Society in China [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(4): 1-11.
[2]	Jie Zheng, Jinlin Lan, Mengting Li. Research on Diversification in Higher Education: A Perspective from Construction of Skilled Society [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(4): 110-122.
[3]	Xing Wang, Xuelian Wang. Chinese Characteristic Issues in the Construction of Skilled Society and Its Theoretical Expansion [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(4): 12-22.
[4]	Yan Chen, Jiaqian Wang, Xiaomin Zheng. Skills Development for the World: Youth, Education and Employment [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(4): 39-50.
[5]	Zheng Li. How Stable Employment Affects Skill Formation: A Historical Review Based on the Employment System of Chinese Enterprises [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(4): 51-62.
[6]	Xiuhua Zhao. Vocational Qualification Certificate System Serving the Construction of Skilled Society: Historical Lineage, Internal Logic and Practical Paths [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(4): 88-96.
[7]	Yi Wang, Chen Liang, Hongbo Shi, Xiaojuan Li, Xujun Fang, Changchun Lu. Study on the Path of Higher Vocational Colleges Serving the Construction of Skilled Society:Based on the Analysis of the Employment Flow of Graduates in 2022 [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(4): 97-109.
[8]	Guoqing Xu, Hongrou Xie, Xiwen Wang. Knowledge Production in the Research on Chinese Vocational Education since the 1980s [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(11): 187-202.
[9]	Changjun Yue, Qinxue Feng, Xiaojia Xin, Wenqi Qiu. Research Report on Employment Trends of Chinese College Graduates: Based on 2003—2021 Survey Data [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(9): 138-154.
[10]	Xiao-jian Qiu, Jiang-nan Li, Tian Qiu. Research on Financial Aid Policy of Secondary Vocational Education Students in China [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(8): 103-116.
[11]	Xi Zhan, Shiyue Wang. The Choice on the Boundary of General and Vocational Education: The Logic of Students’ School Choice Based on Education Equity [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(8): 117-126.
[12]	Guoqing Xu, Jinfang Cai, Beijia Jiang, Zheng Li, Hui Yang, Jie Zheng. ChatGPT/AIGC and the Future Vocational Education [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(7): 64-77.
[13]	Jin Jin, Tianjun Cheng. The Changes of the Academic and Vocational Education Streaming Policy: Sequence, Structure, and Logic [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(6): 26-37.
[14]	Ying Zhao, Wenqin Shen, Jun Zhu, Haotian Xu. Are Women No Inferior to Men: A Study on Gender Differences of Engineering Doctors in Elite Academic Positions [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(5): 84-97.
[15]	Liping Ma, Xiaomei Ye. Gold Bachelor, Silver Master, and Bronze Doctor: A Reflection of Ability or Academic Discrimination? — An Empirical Study on Ten Cohorts of Doctoral Graduates from a “Double First-Class” Construction University [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(2): 14-24.