The Evolution of Internal Governance Models for Western Universities: From Collegial Governance to Entrepreneurial Governance

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.01.008

Abstract

Abstract: The internal governance model (IGM) is one of the key issues for university governance. Against the background of emphasizing the improvement of internal university governance for contemporary Chinese universities, this paper systematically reviews the evolution of IGMs for western universities. Generally, there are four governance models that have emerged chronologically, and they are collegial governance, bureaucratic governance, managerial governance and entrepreneurial governance. The four IGMs have to some extent reflected on the four different kinds of context where western universities operate. The four chronological models have not been replaced by each other; rather, they have coexisted for a period of time. The evolution of IGMs for western universities has characterized the following two trends. Firstly, academic power has been ensured to some extent. Secondly, the execution of administrative power has been increasingly professional. Undoubtedly, the reform of IGMs for western universities is still ongoing. Network governance is therefore regarded as a possible solution to the weaknesses of the existing four IGMs theoretically; however, it deserves more practical examination. The evolution of IGMs for western universities could offer some solutions for the governance reform of China’s higher education institutions.

Key words: Western universities, internal governance model, evolution

Zhu Jian. The Evolution of Internal Governance Models for Western Universities: From Collegial Governance to Entrepreneurial Governance[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2020, 38(1): 85-96.

References

陈金圣. (2015). 从行政主导走向多元共治:中国大学治理的转型路径. 教育发展研究,(11),40-48
克尔. (1993). 大学的功用(陈学飞等译). 南昌:江西教育出版社.
克拉克.(2008). 大学的持续变革——创业型大学新案例和新概念(王承绪译). 北京:人民教育出版社.
曲铭峰, 龚放. (2011). 哈佛大学与当代高等教育——德里克·博克访谈录. 高等教育研究,(10),15-17
韦伯.(2010).支配社会学.(康乐, 简惠美译). 桂林:广西师范大学出版社.
谢笑珍. (2011). 科层制学术治理模式的功能障碍. 高校教育管理,6(5),12-15
于文明, 卢伟. (2016). 治理理论的实用性及大学治理的中国实践方略. 高等教育研究,(10),25-30
Anderson, F. L. (1963). The organizational character of American colleges and universities. In T, Lunsford, (ed). The Study of Academic Administration. Boulder, Colo.:Western Interstate commission for higher education.
Baldridge, J. V. (1971). Models of university governance:bureaucratic, collegial, and political. Research and Development Memorandum, 77, 1-19
Ball. S. (2008). New philanthropy, new networks and new governance in education. Political Studies, 56(4), 747-765
Bleiklie, I., & Kogan, M. (2007). Organization and governance of universities. Higher Education Policy, 20(4), 477-493
Burnes, B., Wend, P. & By, T. R. (2014). The changing face of English universities:reinventing collegiality for the twenty-first century. Studies in Higher Education, 39(6), 905-926
Clark, B. R. (1998a). The entrepreneurial university:demand and response. Tertiary Education and Management, 4(1), 5-16
Clark, B. R. (1998b). Creating entrepreneurial universities:organizational pathways of transformation. Guildford:IAU/Pergamon.
Dearlove, J. (2002). A continuing role for academics:the governance of UK universities in the post-dearing era. Higher Education Quarterly, 56(3), 257-275
De Boer, H., Enders, J., & Schimank, U. (2007). On the way towards new public management? The governance of university system in England, the Netherlands, Austria and Germany. In D. Jansen(ed.), New Forms of Governance in Research Organizations:Disciplinary Approaches, Interfaces and Integration(pp.137−152). Dordrecht, the Netherlands:Springer.
De Boer H., & Goedegebuure, L. (2001). On limitations and consequences of change:Dutch university governance in transition. Tertiary Education and Management, 7, 163-180
Duke, C. (2002). Managing the Learning University. Buckingham:Open University Press.
Herderson, A. (1960). Policies and Practices in Higher Education. New York:Harper and Row.
Kwiek, M. (2016). Academic entrepreneurialism and changing governance in universities:Evidence form empirical studies. In J, Frost. F, Hattke., and Reihlen, M. (eds), Multi-Level Governance in Universities:Strategy, Structure, Control (pp. 49−74). Switzerland:Springer.
Lapworth, S. (2004). Arresting the decline in shared governance:towards a flexible model for academic participation. Higher Education Quarterly, 58(4), 299-314
Macfralane, C. (2005). The disengaged academic:the retreat form citizenship. Higher Education Quarterly, 59(4), 296-312
McNay, I. (1999). From the collegial academy to corporate enterprise:the changing culture of universities. In T. Schuller (ed.), The changing university? (pp.105-115). Buckingham:the Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
Middlehurst, R. (1993). Leading Academic. Buckingham:the Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
Mortimer, K., & Sathre, C. O. B. (2007). The Art and Politics of Academic Governance:Relations among Boards, Presidents and Faculty. Wesport:Praeger.
Musselin, C. (2005). Change or continuity in higher education governance? Lessons drawn from twenty years of national reform in European countries. In. I. Bleiklie and M. Henkel (eds.), Governing Knowledge:a Study of Continuity and Change in Higher Education, a Festschrift in Honour of Maurice Kogan (pp.65−79). Dordrecht:Springer.
Oxford University. (2017a). The Governance of Oxford University. (2017-09-13) Retrieved from https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organization/governance?wssl=1.
Oxford University. (2017b). Statement of primary responsibilities of Council. (2017-09-13) Retrieved from http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/councilsec/governance/governancestructures/theuniversitysgovernancestructure/primary/.
Oxford University.(2018a). Simplified Views of University Relationship. (2018-11-19) Retrieved from https://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwadminoxacuk/localsites/personnel/documents/deptadminproject/manual/Simplified_View_of_University_Relationships.pdf.
Oxford University.(2018b). A brief history and overview of the University's governance arrangements. (2018-11-19) Retrieved from http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/councilsec/governance/governancestructures/theuniversitysgovernancestructure/gov_expl/.
Peters, M., Marshall, J., & Fitzsimons, P. (2000). Managerialism and education policy in a global context:Foucault, neoliberalism and the doctrine of self-management. In N. C. Burbules and C. A. Torres (eds.), Globalization and Education:Critical Perspectives (pp. 109−132). New York:Routledge.
Rowland, J. (2013). Academic board:less intellectual and more academic capital in higher education governance?. Studies in Higher Education, 38(9), 1274-1289
Rowlands, J. (2015a). Turning collegial governance on its head:symbolic violence, hegemony and the academic board. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 36(7), 1017-1035
Rowlands, J. (2015b). Present but not counted:the tenuous position of academic board chairs within contemporary university governance. International Journal of Leadership in Education:Theory and Practice, 18(3), 263-278
Rowlands, J. (2017). Academic Governance in the Contemporary University:perspectives from Anglophone nations. Singapore:Springer.
Salter, B., & Tapper, T (2002). The external pressures on the internal governance of universities. Higher Education Quarterly, 56(3), 245-256
Stroup, H. H. (1966). Bureaucracy in Higher Education. New York. Free Press.
Tapper, T. & Palfreyman, D. (2002). Understanding collegiality:the changing Oxbridge model. Tertiary Education and Management, 8(1), 47-63
Tapper, T., & Salter, B. (2002). Oxford, Cambridge and the Changing Idea of the University:the Challenge to Donnish Domination. Buckingham:the Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
Tolofari, S. (2005). New public management and higher education. Policy Futures in Education, 3(1), 75-89
Trakman, L. (2008). Modeling university governance. Higher Education Quarterly, 62(1/2), 63-83
University of New South Wales. (2017a). The Council of UNSW (2017-09-21). Retrieved from https://www.unsw.edu.au/about-us/governance/unsw-council.
University of New South Wales. (2017b). The Academic board of UNSW (2017-09-21). Retrieved from https://www.unsw.edu.au/about-us/governance/academic-board.
University of New South Wales. (2017c). Organizational chart of UNSW (2017-09-21). Retrieved from https://www.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/UNSW_org_chart-September_2017.pdf.
University of New South Wales. (2017d). Operational Governance Framework as of October 2016 of UNSW(2017-09-21). Retrieved from https://www.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/OperationalGovernanceFrameworkasofOctober2016.pdf.
University of Twente. (2017a). Executive Board of University of Twente(2017-09-21). Retrieved from https://www.utwente.nl/en/organization/structure/management.
University of Twente. (2017b). Supervisory Board of University of Twente(2017-09-29). Retrieved from https://www.utwente.nl/en/organization/structure/management/supervisory-board/.
University of Twente. (2017c). Organizational Structure of University of Twente(2017-09-28). Retrieved from https://www.utwente.nl/download/organogram-organigram-ut-en.pdf.

[1]	Xiaodong Lu. Verbergung, Lichtung and “Double Reduction” Policy: Philosophical Foundation and Key Points of the Emerging of Creative Talents [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2025, 43(1): 1-16.
[2]	Tingjin Zhi, Wenping Liu. The Change, Evolution and Future Development of the Training Policy for Primary and Secondary School Principals: Based on the Analysis of 78 Policy Texts Since the Founding of The People's Republic of China [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(6): 86-101.
[3]	Zhengwei Liu, Xinyi Shui. The Innovation of Revolutionary Curriculum Discourse: On the Curriculum Reform by the Communist Party of China in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(6): 112-124.
[4]	Biao Dong. The Emergence of the Teacher Concept: An Experiment in Longitudinal and Transdisciplinary Exploration of Educational Fundamentals [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(12): 1-62.
[5]	Yaojiang Shi, Qiannan Song, Xinyue Zhang, Yuan Gao, Shibin Liang, Yali Zhang, Ai Yue. Towards High-level Evidence: The Evolution and Contribution of Knowledge in Early Childhood Development in China [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(11): 74-94.
[6]	Yonghe Zheng, Xuanyang Yang, Dan Tao, Jie Yang. Science Education Research in China: Historical Evolution, Logic of Development, and Future Prospects [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(11): 95-110.
[7]	Minjing Ni. The Impact of ChatGPT/AIGC on Learning from the Perspective of Learning Evolution [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(7): 151-161.
[8]	Yiling Hu, Zihong Zhao, Fang Wen. Research on the Co-evolution Model of AI Education Ecosystem: The Perspective of Complex System [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(9): 118-126.
[9]	Zhankui Wang. Cultivating “Teacher-Scholar”: Revisiting William C. Bagley’s Philosophy of Teacher Education [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(7): 48-57.
[10]	Huijuan Chen, Tao Xin. The Evolution and Trend of China’s Basic Education Quality Monitoring and Evaluation System [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(4): 42-52.
[11]	Liu Zhentian, Liu Qiang. How Online Teaching Can Help College Classroom Revolution：Understanding Large-Scale Online Teaching Under Epidemic Situation [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2020, 38(7): 31-41.
[12]	ZHANG Binxian, CHEN Luxi. The Evolution of American Educational Thoughts and its Characteristics [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2018, 36(2): 123-132+158.
[13]	WANG Zhan-Ren. Evolution and Development Trend of Chinese Entrepreneurship Education [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2016, 34(2): 30-38.
[14]	CAI Guochun & PAN zhenxin & WANG Chunyan. Evolution and Prospect of Academic Committee System in China’s Higher Educational Institutions [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2015, 33(2): 34-40.
[15]	LI Xiao wen 1 WANG Xiao li 2. Cultural Evolution and Improved Children’s School Life: A Comparative Analysis of the Survey in Fifteen Provinces, Cities and Autonomous Regions [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2015, 33(1): 97-103.