华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 72-82+167+168.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.01.009

• 基本理论与基本问题 • 上一篇    下一篇

说明文的诗学与政治学——教育学经验研究的另类解读

康永久   

  1. 北京师范大学教育学部, 北京 100875
  • 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-22

The Poetics and Politics of Expository Text: An Alternative Interpretation of the Empirical Research in Education

KANG Yongjiu   

  1. Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-22

摘要: 在学校教科书中,说明文被认为是客观地说明事物、阐明事理的文体,目的是给读者以科学的知识和科学地认识事物的方法。如果真是这样,那就没有比结构图或设计图更好的说明文。但又从来没人拿结构图或设计图作说明文,可见说明文一定具有比这一定义更丰富的内涵。说到底,说明绝不是简单地客观说明事物、阐明事理,对一个事物的说明一定是基于我们自己的视角,必须有这样的视角才能写出有见地的说明文。而且我们要说明的这个世界并非简单的自然存在,说明本身在很大程度上创造了自己所要说明的世界,唯其如此才能对这个世界做真切的说明。所有的"客观说明"都基于一种主观构造,世界在根本上乃是一种符号建构。不认识到这一点就不知道究竟该如何教说明文,只能让学生去"客观地"说明这个世界,忘掉自我,忘掉理论和思想,相信这个世界乃是外在于人的意志的自然实体,最终让这种作茧自缚的说明方式,捆住我们所有人尤其是普通人的手脚。

关键词: 说明文, 客观说明, 纯粹目光, 建构性说明, 经验研究

Abstract: In schoolbooks, expository text is supposed to objectively describe how things work, in order to equip readers with scientific knowledge and methods to understand things scientifically. But in fact expository text contains something richer. Any exposition is based on the expositor's own perspective. What's more, the world we exposit is not a natural existence, exposition itself creates the world to a large extent, and thus all objective expositions are based on subjective construction, the world itself is essentially a symbolic one. No one can teach expository text well without understanding this point, otherwise students would be left to exposit the world objectively, ignoring themselves, or theory and thought, and believing that the world is a natural reality beyond human's will. This could eventually make people enmeshed in the web of their own overcautious spinning.

Key words: expository text, objective exposition, constructive exposition