华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 33-44.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.08.003

• 专题:智慧教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

以“工程”为中心的STEM课程驱动问题设计研究

孙妍妍, 何沣燊   

  1. 华东师范大学教育信息技术学系,上海,200062
  • 出版日期:2021-08-01 发布日期:2021-08-04
  • 基金资助:
    全国教育科学“十三五”规划2016年度教育部青年项目“面向思维发展的智慧学习设计研究”(ECA160416)

Smart Teaching Strategy: The Engineering-Centered STEM Driving Problem Design

Yanyan Sun, Fengshen He   

  1. Department of Educational Information Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
  • Online:2021-08-01 Published:2021-08-04

摘要:

STEM教育源于美国实用主义国策,意在通过跨学科的学习方式培养学生的问题解决能力、创新能力、团队协作能力等21世纪人才需要的综合素养。近年来,STEM教育在我国蓬勃发展的同时,在实践中也存在着课程体系不成熟、教学设计不合理、与学科知识脱节等偏离STEM教育初衷的问题。针对这一情况,本文围绕STEM教育中的核心元素“工程”,以工程设计过程为出发点,结合相关案例的分析,从问题的结构与基本特征两个维度探讨了STEM课程中驱动问题的设计。在STEM课程中,以“工程”为中心的驱动问题应当是劣构的、与情境紧密相连的,并且具有领域相关性与动态性。问题的3个关键元素——初始条件、障碍、目标通过与工程设计过程的融合可转换为课程设计的关键元素。以“工程”为中心的驱动问题设计对STEM教育实践的启示包括:在课程中正确地体现跨学科性,注重对学生问题解决能力与工程思维的培养、转变课程评价方式以及多方合力建设STEM课程生态共同体。

关键词: STEM课程设计, 驱动问题, 工程设计过程

Abstract:

STEM education originates from the pragmatic national policy of the U.S and aims to cultivate students' comprehensive competencies of 21st century skills such as problem solving abilities, innovation abilities and teamwork abilities through interdisciplinary learning. In recent years, while STEM education is flourishing in China, there are problems such as immature curriculum system, ineffective teaching design, and disjunction from STEM education to subject knowledge. In order to solve these problems, this research focuses on the key elements of the STEM curriculum - the design of the driving problem based on the engineering design process, discussed the structure and basic features of a problem, and analyzed relevant cases, . In the STEM curriculum. The driving problem based on the engineering design process should be ill-structured, closely related to the situation, dynastic, and have domain relevance. The three key elements of the problem—Givens, Obstacles, and Goals—can be transformed into key elements of the curriculum design through integration with the engineering design process. The implications of the design of driving problems based on the engineering design process on STEM education practice include: interdisciplinary team building, the alternative evaluation methods, and the STEM curriculum ecological community formed by multiple groups.

Key words: STEM curriculum design, driving problem, engineering design process