华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 1-14.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.02.001

• 特稿 •    

职业教育实现现代化的关键是完善国家基本制度

徐国庆   

  1. 华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所暨国家教材建设重点研究基地华东师范大学职业教育教材建设和管理政策研究基地，上海 200062
  • 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-02-07

The Key to the Modernization of Vocational Education is to Improve the Basic National Institution of Vocational Education

Guoqing Xu   

  1. Institute of Vocational and Adult Education, East China Normal University; The National Research Institute for Teaching Materials of TVET, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-02-07

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摘要：

到2035年基本实现现代化是党的十九大做出的重要战略部署。职业教育实现这一目标，目前最缺的是什么？下一阶段的发展重心是什么？应该如何发展？对改革开放以来职业教育发展历程的梳理和发展现状的深入分析告诉我们，当前阻碍职业教育向更高水平发展的关键因素是职业教育国家基本制度不健全，因此下一阶段职业教育的发展重心应从院校建设转向国家基本制度形成。职业教育发展对国家制度的需求包括六个层面，即协调层、结构层、需求层、内容层、实施层和评价层。协调层国家制度的功能是协调相关部门职业教育管理职能；结构层国家制度的功能是联结职业教育各组成部分使之成为体系；需求层国家制度的功能是为职业教育发展提供需求信息；内容层国家制度的功能是为职业教育课程建设提供标准依据；实施层国家制度的功能是保障职业教育运行所需条件的稳定供给；评价层国家制度的功能是对技能水平做出具有社会公信力的评价并保障其劳动就业价值。职业教育国家基本制度建设难度大、周期长，需要科学设计和长远规划。

关键词: 职业教育, 现代化, 国家基本制度

Abstract:

To basically realize modernization by 2035 is an important strategic deployment made by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In order to achieve this goal, what is the most lacking for vocational education? What should be the focus of the next stage of development? How to develop? The analysis of the development process in the past 40 years and current situation of vocational education tells us that the key factor hindering our vocational education system to a higher level is the imperfection of the basic national institution of vocational education, so the development focus of vocational education in the next stage should be shifted from the construction of schools and colleges to the formation of the basic national institution. The demand of the development of vocational education in China for the national institution involves six levels: coordination level, structure level, demand level, content level, implementation level and evaluation level. The function of the national institution at the coordination level is to coordinate the management function of vocational education of relevant departments; the function of the national institution at the structural level is to link all components of vocational education into a system; the function of the national institution at the demand level is to provide demand information for the development of vocational education; the function of the national institution at the content level is to provide standard for the construction of vocational education curriculum; the function of the national institution at the implementation level is to guarantee the stable supply of the necessary conditions for the operation of vocational education; the function of the national institution of the evaluation level is to make an evaluation of the skill level with social credibility and to ensure its value of employment. The construction of the basic national institution of vocational education is difficult and need a long cycle, which requires a scientific design and long-term planning.

Key words: vocational education, modernization, the basic national institution