华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 17-26.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.06.002

• 专题：纪念杜威访华100周年 • 上一篇    下一篇

实用主义概念的多重“身份”

顾红亮   

  1. 华东师范大学马克思主义学院，上海 200062
  • 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-05-31

Multiple Versions of Pragmatism in Modern Chinese Contexts

Hongliang Gu   

  1. School of Marxism, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-05-31

RichHTML

592

PDF

386

摘要：

自百年前杜威访华以来，“实用主义”思潮在汉语世界里声名远播。中国学者在使用“实用主义”概念时，在不同的语境里，对其有不同的用法。汉语“实用主义”概念呈现出大约六种含义。第一，指以黄炎培为代表的中国本土的实用主义教育思潮。第二，指以杜威、胡适为代表的美国哲学流派及其中国的应用。第三，指以杜威、陶行知、陈鹤琴等为代表的教育思想流派。第四，指注重工具价值的工具主义价值观学说，它肯定物质生产的价值。第五，指以边沁为代表的功利主义伦理学说。第六，指唯利是图的利己主义思想。这六种含义相当于“实用主义”在汉语世界里的六个“身份”，即作为本土教育思潮的实用主义、作为实验主义哲学的实用主义、作为平民主义教育思想的实用主义、作为工具主义的实用主义、作为功利主义的实用主义、作为利己主义的实用主义。这六个“身份”可视为对实用主义的不同的中国化解读，其背后有中国思想元素的作用。

关键词: 实用主义, 实验主义, 功利主义, 工具主义, 利己主义

Abstract:

Since John Dewey’s visit in China in 1919—1921, pragmatism has become one of influential philosophical trends in modern China. Chinese scholars interpret the concept of pragmatism in many ways in different contexts. Chinese concept of pragmatism has at least six versions. Firstly, it refers to pragmatism educational thought which Huang Yanpei advocated in the 1920’s. Secondly, it means a philosophical movement in USA and modern China. Thirdly, it is John Dewey’s education thought and his Chinese students’ application. Fourthly, it refers to a theory of value which focus on instrumental utility and material effects. Fifthly, it refers to utilitarianism which Jeremy Bentham developed. Sixthly, it means egoism. These versions of pragmatism in modern China indicates six types of identity which reflects the complexity of understanding John Dewey’s pragmatism and sinicized reading of pragmatism in terms of the function of Chinese thoughts.

Key words: pragmatism, experimentalism, utilitarianism, instrumentalism, egoism