华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 73-85.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.07.006

• 教育、社会与文化 • 上一篇    下一篇

寒门何以难出贵子：农村学子的文化再生产机制及其突破

杜岩岩1, 徐亦宁2   

  1. 1. 辽宁师范大学教育学部，大连 116029
    2. 辽宁师范大学心理学院，大连 116029
  • 接受日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-06-28
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省教学名师项目“兴辽英才计划”(XLYC2211035)。

Why is It Difficult for Rural Students to Attend Key Universities：The Cultural Reproduction Mechanism of Rural Students and Its Breakthrough

Yanyan Du1, Yining Xu2   

  1. 1. School of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
    2. School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
  • Accepted:2025-04-16 Online:2025-07-01 Published:2025-06-28

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摘要：

农村学子在早期社会化过程中，通过内化底层阶级的认知模式以及父母等“重要他人”所传递的特质，完成底层文化的再生产。具体表现为：受文化资本传递与经济资本欠缺的影响，自然知识内化于个体精神图式中，导致农村学子形成了较狭窄的知识面；受乡村语言表达方式与家庭教育文化的影响，农村学子形成了“限制型语言符码”；当同伴圈中出现“逾矩”行为时，农村学子易因“人情面子”进行亚文化再生产；受家长制与乡村社会中资本欠缺的影响，农村学子缺乏对自我角色的清晰认知，并在人际关系中失衡，形成较低的社会适应能力；当父母抱有低教育期待时，农村学子对自身学业竞争力产生怀疑，容易产生较低的未来预期。为促使“寒门出贵子”，应从塑造乡村知识场域着手，建立不同阶层社会交往机制，促使农村学子发挥主体能动性，主动融入学校教育等方面，以阻断底层文化再生产机制。

关键词: 农村学子, 底层文化, 底层文化再生产, 早期社会化

Abstract:

During the early socialization process, rural students complete the reproduction of underclass culture by internalizing the perspectives of the lower class on the social world and the traits conveyed by “significant others” such as their parents. Influenced by the transmission of cultural capital and the lack of economic capital, natural knowledge is internalized into their individual mental schemas, resulting in a relatively narrow scope of knowledge. The rural linguistic expression and family education culture shape rural students into adopting a “restricted linguistic code.” When peers engage in “transgressive” behaviors, rural students are prone to reproducing subcultures for the sake of “social face.” Due to the influence of paternalism and the lack of capital in rural society, rural students lack a clear understanding of their roles, experience imbalances in interpersonal relationships, and develop lower social adaptability. When parents hold low educational expectations, rural students may doubt their academic competitiveness, leading to diminished future aspirations. To foster “success from humble origins,” it is essential to reshape the rural knowledge field, establish mechanisms for cross-class social interactions, encourage rural students to exercise their agency, and actively integrate into school education to disrupt the reproduction mechanism of underclass culture.

Key words: rural students, lower-class culture, reproduction of lower-class culture, elementary socialization