华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 66-77.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.08.005

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国际杰出学术人才的分布特征、集聚原因与机制

李炜谈   

  1. 华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海 200062
  • 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-31
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目“大科学时代高校高层次人才集聚模式创新研究”(VFA240009)。

Distribution Patterns, Agglomeration Drivers, and Mechanisms of Internationally Outstanding Academic Talents

Weitan LI   

  1. Institute of Higher Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-31

摘要:

现代国家的竞争一定程度上是人才的竞争,但我国目前面临着对国际杰出学术人才吸引力不足的状况。本研究对诺贝尔奖、菲尔兹奖和图灵奖得主进行统计后,发现国际杰出学术人才主要集聚在美英德法等国的科研组织中。通过对卡文迪许实验室、劳伦斯-伯克利国家实验室、马克斯·普朗克学会、贝尔实验室、普林斯顿高等研究院、霍华德·休斯医学研究所等6个杰出学术人才集聚的典型案例进行分析,识别出了影响人才集聚的静态四因素,包括文化、资源、制度以及培养,揭示出科研组织人才集聚本质上是人才个体需求满足与科研组织发展相互交织的动态平衡过程,包括初始吸引阶段、人才选择阶段、持续留存阶段以及集聚强化阶段。这启发我国科研组织要培育科研文化,增强人才吸引力;强化资源供给,满足人才发展需求;优化人才管理方式,释放制度红利;重视拔尖人才自主培养,补足人才缺口。

关键词: 杰出学术人才, 科研组织, 吸引人才, 人才集聚

Abstract:

The competitiveness of modern nations is fundamentally rooted in human capital competition. However, China currently confronts a pressing challenge regarding insufficient institutional attractiveness to internationally outstanding academic talents. This study reveals through statistical analysis of Nobel Laureates, Fields Medalists, and Turing Award recipients that internationally outstanding academic talents predominantly cluster within research institutions of the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and France. Through analyzing six paradigmatic cases of elite academic talent clustering—including the Cavendish Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Society, Bell Laboratories, Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute—this study identifies static tetrad factors influencing talent aggregation (cultural environment, resource endowment, institutional frameworks, and talent cultivation). It reveals that talent clustering in research organizations inherently constitutes a dynamic equilibrium process where individual career fulfillment and organizational development intertwine, progressing through four evolutionary phases: initial attraction, selective recruitment, sustained retention, and cluster reinforcement. This finding suggests Chinese research institutions should: (1) cultivate research culture to enhance talent magnetism; (2) strengthen resource provisioning to meet developmental demands; (3) optimize management frameworks to unleash institutional dividends; (4) prioritize autonomous cultivation of top innovative talents to bridge competency gaps.

Key words: outstanding academic talent, research organization, talent attraction, Talent Agglomeration