关键词: 功能主义, 解释主义, 结构主义, 教学研究方法与规则

Abstract: Research methods of humanities and social science are influenced by three kinds of ideas:functionalism, interpretivism and structuralism. Functionalim stresses the objectivity, targets teaching phenomena and explore its cause and effect, thus forming a set of research methods and rules, which are used to analyze and explain teaching phenomena. Interpretivism focuses on subjectivity of cultural significance behind social phenomena, seeing teaching activity as cultural and spiritual. For example, knowledge acquisition, skill mastery and cultivation of attitudes and values are all attributed to learning to be, thus forming a set of teaching research methods and rules named "classroom-graphy"-observation, interview, description, explanation. Structuralism tried to emphasize on the duality between agent subject and social object, which plays a neutral role in functionalism and interpretivism. In its view, teaching is the interaction between teacher-student agents and teaching resources-rules objects, forming teaching structure duality. So it is possible to probe into the teaching research method rules through observing the interaction between subjects and objects. The research methods and rules of classroom teaching, on the one hand, are influenced and restricted by social science; on the other hand, they contribute to the case study of concrete discipline of humanities and social science.

Key words: functionism, interpretivism, structuralism, classroom teaching research methods and rules