华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 65-76.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.10.006

• 基本理论与基本问题 • 上一篇    下一篇

新人口形势下的公共教育供给

张翕1, 陆铭2   

  1. 1. 中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所，北京 100006
    2. 上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院，上海 200030
  • 出版日期:2022-10-01 发布日期:2022-09-29
  • 基金资助:
    中国社会科学院博士后创新项目“技术变迁背景下劳动力市场与人力资本问题研究”（ZBH20191021）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“大数据视野下的城市空间结构与有效治理”（72073094）；国家自然科学基金重点项目“我国小城镇的转型发展与治理研究”（71834005）。作者感谢上海交通大学现代金融研究中心资助

Supply of Public Education in the New Population Situation

Xi Zhang1, Ming Lu2   

  1. 1. Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100006, China
    2. Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
  • Online:2022-10-01 Published:2022-09-29

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摘要：

第七次全国人口普查表明，中国经济社会发展既受到人口老龄化和低生育率的挑战，也面临改善人力资源配置和增进人力资本积累的机遇。加强并改善公共教育供给是应对挑战、把握机遇的内在要求。中国公共教育供给的症结既在于数量不足，也在于空间布局欠优，不适应人口迁移带来的教育需求变动，必须基于对中国空间经济演化的认识加以调整。一方面，由于人口不断向大城市集聚，大城市的教育资源亟待扩容，特别是要增加高中阶段教育的供给；另一方面，在人口流出地，随着人口逐步向市辖区收缩，教育供给需要通过集中来提质。在制度层面，顶层设计应着力转变地方政府治理方式并调整上下级财政安排，调动多方面积极因素，切实加强和改善公共教育供给。

关键词: 人口迁移, 公共教育供给, 空间布局, 高中阶段教育

Abstract:

Both challenges from population aging and low fertility rate and opportunities from labor relocation and human capital accumulation have been revealed by the seventh National Census. Improving public education are inherent requirements of the new population situation. The crux of education supply in China is not only insufficient quantity, but also inefficient distribution that misses changing education demands derived from population migration. Accordingly, education supply must be adjusted based on a deep understanding about China’s spatial economy evolution. On the one hand, because of continuous population agglomeration, education resources in big cities urgently need to be expanded, especially senior high school education supply. On the other hand, while population is contracting to central urban districts in population outflowing regions, the quality of local education supply needs to be enhanced by centralization. From an institutional perspective, the top-level design should focus on reforming local governance and adjusting fiscal arrangements, and thus mobilizes multiple subjects in improving education supply.

Key words: population migration, public education supply, spatial distribution, senior high school education.