The Connotation and Influencing Factors of Employment Ability of College Students in China:Based on the Comparison Between Applied Universities and Research Universities
就业难与招工难的结构性矛盾凸显了高等教育结构与经济社会发展在人才需求方面的不协调。本文通过构建大学生就业能力结构模型来探究研究型高校与应用型高校大学生的就业能力现状及其影响因素。通过大规模施测发现:由性格特质、通用能力以及专业知识技能构成的大学生就业能力模型得到数据的良好支持。我国大学生的就业能力以综合素养与能力为主,应用型人才在职业技术技能上的优势明显。第一课堂是提升大学生就业能力的主阵地,第二课堂对高就业能力的大学生具有重要价值,应用型高校实践培养环节的质量有待提升。据此,高校应该充分发挥第一课堂与第二课堂的不同作用,实现因材施教,应用型高校应将工程性人才作为人才培养目标,全方位、多渠道地提高学生的综合素养,加大实习实训力度和基地建设,实现特色化与高质量并举。
史秋衡 , 任可欣 . 我国大学生就业能力内涵及其影响因素探析——基于应用型高校与研究型高校的对比[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2023 , 41(8) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.08.001
The structural contradiction between employment difficulty and recruitment difficulty highlights the disharmony between the structure of higher education and the demand for talents of economic and social development. This paper explores the current situation and influencing factors of the employability of college students in research universities and applied universities by constructing a structural model of the employability of college students. It is found that the employability model of college students, which is composed of personality traits, general ability and professional knowledge and skills, is well supported by the data. The employability of Chinese college students is mainly based on comprehensive literacy and ability, and the applied talents have obvious advantages in vocational technical skills. The first classroom is the main front to improve the employability of college students, while the second classroom is of great value to college students with high employability. The quality of practical training in application-oriented colleges and universities needs to be improved. Therefore, colleges and universities should give full play to the different values of the first classroom and the second classroom to realize individualized teaching. Application-oriented colleges and universities should take engineering talents as the goal of talent training, improve students’ comprehensive quality in an all-round and multi-channel way, increase the construction of practice and training so as to realize the combination of characteristics and high quality.
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