Abstract: Chinese village primary schools have more than one hundred years history since they began to be initiated in the early 20th century. In the last ten years of the end of the Qing Dynasty, the new primary schools began to be wide initiated in the villages. Under the support and promote of the government, the church and the folk force. 20c20s and 30s is the golden age of the development of Chinese village education . In the villages , the enthusiasm of initiating the new primary school increasingly high，and the scale of the school expanded day by day. From the founding of new China to the "Cultural Revolution", the government tried to advocate and encourage the masses to run schools, rely on collective force, rely through one's own efforts, building a large number of " private primary school " ( village primary school ).In the ten years of the "Cultural Revolution ", the basical education in the village expanded quickly. And almost every village had a school, the number of the schools reached the highest peak in the history. From after the reform and opening-up to the 20c90s, the village primary schools developed in the adjustment , the number of them was gradually reduced, and the structure was optimized constantly. Since the middle of 90s, our government have carried out many adjustment about educational layout, and a large number of village primary schools have disappeared quickly, and gradually to be "end ".

Key words: village primary school, prosperous and decadence , development process