华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 103-116.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.08.010

• 职业教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国中等职业教育学生资助政策研究

邱小健1, 李江楠1, 邱恬2   

  1. 1. 赣南师范大学教育科学学院，江西赣州 341000
    2. 华东师范大学教育学部，上海 200062
  • 接受日期:2022-12-01 出版日期:2023-08-01 发布日期:2023-07-25
  • 基金资助:
    全国教育科学规划国家一般项目《我国中等职业教育贫困生资助制度公平性研究》（项目批准号：BJA200108)

Research on Financial Aid Policy of Secondary Vocational Education Students in China

Xiao-jian Qiu1, Jiang-nan Li1, Tian Qiu2   

  1. 1. Faculty of Education, Gannan Normal University, Jiangxi Ganzhou 341000, China
    2. Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Accepted:2022-12-01 Online:2023-08-01 Published:2023-07-25

RichHTML

20

PDF

215

摘要：

我国中等职业教育学生资助政策经历了从人民助学金阶段，到助学金与奖学金相结合阶段，然后到奖学金与贷学金相结合阶段，再到国家助学金与免学费为主的多元化发展阶段，政策体系日益完善。在资助对象上，从普遍性资助向选择性资助转变，“贫困”和“涉农专业”学生逐步成为主要资助对象，“贫困生”精准识别度不断提高；在资助内容上，从单一化迈入了多样化，资助内容日益丰富；在资助方式上，从单一方式演变为多元混合方式，资助方式日益注重人文关怀；在资助主体上，从一元主体发展为多元主体，政府“主要主体”地位不断加强；在资助价值观上，反映了国家宏观政策在公平与效率之间的权衡，也反映了资助政策“激励引导”和“追求充足”的价值诉求。在新的历史发展阶段，中等职业教育学生资助政策应当与时俱进，构建新型“5W”政策资助模型，不断完善新时代中国特色中职教育学生资助政策体系。在资助对象上，数字化赋能中职贫困生认定工作，提高资助对象精准度；在资助内容上，加强“助困性”资助内容供给，进一步丰富资助内涵；在资助方式上，优化并加大使用隐性资助方式，增添资助的“温度”；在资助主体上，完善“政府为主、多元参与”经费投入机制，保障经费充足；在资助价值观上，强化资助育人取向，把中职学生培养成为德智体美劳全面发展的新时代中国特色社会主义建设者和接班人。

关键词: 中等职业教育, 学生资助政策, 政策分析

Abstract:

As China’s secondary vocational student financial aid has gone through a monorail stage dominated by people’s grants, a stage of merging people’s grants with scholarships, a stage of merging scholarships with student loans, and a multi-rail stage of state grants with free tuition, the policy system has improved. In terms of funding targets, it has realized the transformation from universal funding to selective funding, “poor” and “agriculture related” students have gradually become the main funding targets. From simplification to diversification in the content of funding, the funding content is increasingly rich. From singleness to mixture in the way of funding, funding methods are increasingly precise. From unity to pluralism in the subject of funding, the main body status of the government has been continuously strengthened. In terms of funding values, it not only reflects the trade-off between equity and efficiency in national macro policies, but also reflects the value appeal of incentive guidance and pursuit of adequacy of the subsidy policy. In the new historical development stage, the student financial aid policy of secondary vocational education should keep pace with the times, construct the new “5W” policy financial aid model. In terms of funding targets, the identification of impoverished secondary vocational students with digital empowerment has improved the “accuracy” of funding targets. In terms of funding content, we should strengthen the supply of “poverty-relief” subsidies and further enrich the content of funding. In terms of funding mode, we should optimize the implicit funding mode and ensure the “temperature” of funding mode, continue to improve the financial aid policy system for secondary vocational education students with Chinese characteristics. In terms of funding entities, we will improve the mechanism of “government-led and diversified participation” in funding to ensure adequate funding supply. In terms of the value of financial aid, we should strengthen the orientation of educational aid and train secondary vocational students to become builders and successors of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era with the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor.

Key words: secondary vocational education, student aid policy, policy analysis