华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 41-57.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2024.01.003

• 专题:高校教师工资 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国高校教师基本工资制度的现状、问题与对策——基于保障性功能与激励性功能的视角

赵平, 胡咏梅   

  1. 北京师范大学教育学部,北京 100875
  • 接受日期:2023-04-28 出版日期:2024-01-01 发布日期:2023-12-28
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“‘双一流’建设背景下高校教师工资制度改革研究”(71874015)

The Status, Problems and Solutions of the Base Salary System for Faculty in Chinese Universities: From the Perspectives of Security and Incentive Function

Ping Zhao, Yongmei Hu   

  1. Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Accepted:2023-04-28 Online:2024-01-01 Published:2023-12-28

摘要:

推进高校教师薪酬制度改革是加强高校教师队伍建设的重要手段,基本工资对于高校教师兼具保障性和长期激励性功能,基本工资制度理应成为理论探讨与实践改革的重要内容。文章综合使用相关政策文本、宏观行政数据以及部分高校教师工资大规模微观调查数据,在分析我国高校教师基本工资制度实施现状的基础上,阐明其存在基本工资管理集权化、基本工资水平与地方经济发展水平不尽一致、基本工资起薪点过低基本工资占比普遍较低、工资等级设计与薪酬管理规律不符、工资调整未实现政策预期等问题,而且现行制度抑制了基本工资保障性与长期激励性功能的发挥。针对上述问题,结合薪酬管理理论,提出以下政策建议:中央人力资源和社会保障部门建立全国统一的高校教师基本工资制度,省级统筹制定适合本省高校教师的基本工资标准;适度提高高校教师基本工资的起薪点,增强对青年教师基本生活的保障性,提高经济发达省份高校教师基本工资的实际购买力;将部分或全部基础性绩效工资纳入基本工资范畴,平衡这部分基础性工资的院校、学科差异;提高各岗位等级基本工资的等级差异,调整基本工资的浮动范围,以增强对高校教师工作的中长期激励功能;基本工资标准调整应统筹基本工资占比与基本工资的等级差距,保障高校教师基本工资增长额度与基本工资占比处于合理水平。

关键词: 高校教师, 基本工资制度, 保障性, 激励性

Abstract:

Promoting the reform of university faculty’ salary system is an important means to improve the qualifications of university faculties. The base salary system should be brought into theoretical discussion and practical reform because of its dual functions of security and incentive for university faculty. Based on relevant policies, administrative data and universities faculty’ salaries survey data, this study analyzes the implementation of the university faculty’ base salary system in China. We find that the base salary system has some problems, such as centralized management, inconsistency between basic salary level and local economic development level, low starting point, low proportion of base salary, inconsistency between the design of salary grade and the law of salary management, and failure of salary adjustment to achieve policy expectations, which inhibits security and incentive effect of base salary. In view of the above problems, combined with the salary management theory, the following policy implications are proposed. Firstly, the human resources and social security departments of central government should establish a unified national base salary system for university faculty, and the provincial government should formulate an overall base salary scale. Secondly, the minimum of base salary of university faculty and the base salary of faculties in developed provinces should be raised moderately to ensure their actual purchasing power. Thirdly, simplify the elements of university faculty’ salary and gradually increase the proportion of base salary. Fourthly, improve the grade difference of the base salary at each post level, and adjust the floating range of the base salary to enhance the medium and long-term incentive effect on faculties. Finally, the adjustment of base salary scale should take into account its proportion in total salary and its grade, and ensure that the increase of base salary and the proportion of base salary in total salary are reasonable.

Key words: university faculty, base salary system, security function, incentive function