华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 59-72.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.07.005

• 专题：高校创新创业教育（特约主持：黄兆信） • 上一篇    下一篇

国家级创新创业教育示范区建设成效及其影响机制分析——基于两轮全国性调查的实证研究

赵蕾1, 王旭燕1, 李瑞2, 宋柏红3   

  1. 1. 杭州师范大学中国创新创业教育研究院，杭州 311121
    2. 教育部高等教育司人文社科教育处，北京 100000
    3. 上海城建职业学院创新创业学院，上海 200438
  • 接受日期:2025-04-23 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-06-28
  • 基金资助:
    教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新形势下全面提高人才自主培养质量研究”（23JZD045）。

Analysis of the Construction Effectiveness of National Innovation andEntrepreneurship Education Demonstration Zones and Their Influence Mechanisms：Based on Two Rounds of National Survey Research

Lei Zhao1, Xuyan Wang1, Rui Li2, Baihong Song3   

  1. 1. Institute of China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
    2. Division of Humanities and Social Sciences Education, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100000, China
    3. School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College,Shanghai 200438,China
  • Accepted:2025-04-23 Online:2025-07-01 Published:2025-06-28

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摘要：

本研究依托两轮全国性调查数据，以200所国家级创新创业教育示范区为研究对象，首先采用方差分析的方法，将2019年和2023年两轮调查数据进行纵向比较，同时与2023年全国调查数据进行横向比较，全面分析我国200所国家级创新创业教育示范区建设成效。采用多元线性回归分析，探索影响我国200所国家级创新创业教育示范区建设成效的作用机制。研究发现，“十四五”期间，200所国家级创新创业教育示范区建设成效显著，创业教育绩效明显提升，创业课程、创业师资和创业实践虽有显著提高，但仍需持续关注和重点监控。学生创业认知水平较低，创业自我效能感较低，需重点关注。不同类型高校创业教育绩效的影响因素存在显著差异性。高校创业教育绩效影响因素在宏观、中观、微观层面上的变化，反映出我国高校在创新创业教育模式上正在由“外部政策驱动型”向“内外均衡驱动型”转变，这种教育模式的转变是创业教育向好的动力机制，也是创业教育成效显著的深层原因。为进一步提升国家级创新创业教育示范区建设效能，本研究从宏观、中观和微观三个层次上提出建议，即持续发挥国家/社会宏观政策的牵引力度，分类管理，创造更加包容、友好的大学生创业分类支持制度环境；把握核心教学要素，明确高校“建设支点”，在创业课程、创业师资和创业实践方面实现实质性突破和创新；树立正确的竞赛观，深度挖掘创业竞赛的育人功能，营造良好创新创业氛围，提高学生的创业认知水平。

关键词: 创新创业教育, 国家级创新创业教育示范区, 建设成效

Abstract:

This study relies on two rounds of nationwide empirical survey data, focusing on 200 national innovation and entrepreneurship education demonstration zones. First, variance analysis is used to conduct a longitudinal comparison of the two rounds of survey data (2019, 2023) and a cross-sectional comparison with the 2023 national norms. This comprehensive analysis assesses the effectiveness of the construction of the 200 national innovation and entrepreneurship education demonstration zones in China. Multiple linear regression analysis is employed to explore the mechanisms influencing the effectiveness of these institutions. The study finds that during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, the effectiveness of the 200 national innovation and entrepreneurship education demonstration zones has been significant. While there have been notable improvements in entrepreneurship courses, faculty, and practice, continued attention and focused monitoring are still needed. Students’ entrepreneurial cognition levels and self-efficacy remain relatively low, requiring special attention. There is significant variability in the factors influencing the performance of entrepreneurial education in different types of colleges and universities. Changes in the factors influencing the performance of entrepreneurial education at the macro, meso, and micro levels reflect a shift in Chinese universities’ approach to cultivating top entrepreneurial talents—from being “externally policy-driven” to a more balanced “internal-external driven” model. This increasingly positive approach serves as the driving force behind the effectiveness of entrepreneurial education and is the underlying reason for its significant results. In order to further enhance the effectiveness of the construction of national innovation and entrepreneurship education demonstration zones, this study puts forward suggestions at the macro, meso and micro levels, i.e., to continuously exert the traction of national/social macro policies, categorization and management to create a more inclusive and friendly institutional environment of categorized support for university students’ entrepreneurship; to grasp the core teaching elements, to clearly define the “construction pivot” of universities, realize substantive breakthroughs and innovations in entrepreneurship courses, entrepreneurship teachers and entrepreneurship practices; and to deeply explore the nurturing function of entrepreneurship competitions to create a good atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship and improve the entrepreneurial cognition level of students.

Key words: innovation and entrepreneurship education, national innovation and entrepreneurship education demonstration zone, construction effectiveness