大科学的发展轨迹与科学组织的变革

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

狭义上的大科学概念，其具体所指是大科学装置或大科学计划，广义上则是指全球范围内的科学开放与合作网络。大科学作为一个科学的组织化现象最早始于17世纪，二战之后，由于国家力量的介入，依托投资和建设规模巨大的大科学装置开展研究，颠覆了传统上由个人兴趣驱动的小科学研究。冷战之后，伴随国际关系的缓和与科学外交策略的实施、全球高等教育规模扩张及其国际化发展趋势，出现了跨国性大范围指向人类共同利益的科学合作现象如国际大科学计划，由此科学进入了一个全球科学时代。但是，大科学并非是对小科学的替代，两者之间存在互动共生的关系。在今天，大科学的核心内涵和精神意蕴是面向国际的开放合作，以大平台建设与互动网络建构集聚国际高层次人才，推动科学的跨国、跨部门与跨学科的合作共赢。中国的大学以及科技界要顺应大科学时代的发展要求，还面临众多现实障碍与亟待探究的体制机制问题。

关键词: 大科学, 小科学, 国际大科学计划, 科学组织

Abstract:

In a narrow sense, the concept of Big Science specifically refers to large scientific facilities or big science projects, while in a broader sense, it encompasses the global network of scientific openness and cooperation. As an organized phenomenon in science, Big Science first emerged in the 17th century. After World War II, with the intervention of state powers, research conducted through large-scale scientific facilities with significant investments and constructions overturned the traditional little science driven by individual interests. After the Cold War, with the easing of international relations and the implementation of science diplomacy, as well as the expansion and internationalization of global higher education, transnational large-scale scientific cooperation aimed at common human interests, such as international big science projects, emerged. This marked the entry of science into an era of global open science. However, Big Science does not replace little science; instead, they coexist and interact. Today, the core connotation and spiritual essence of Big Science are international openness and cooperation, leveraging the construction of large platforms and interactive networks to gather high-level international talents, and promoting transnational, cross-sectoral, and interdisciplinary cooperation for mutual benefit. Universities and the scientific community in China face numerous practical obstacles and institutional mechanisms that need to be explored to meet the requirements of the Big Science era.

Key words: Big Science, little science, international big science projects, scientific organizations

阎光才. 大科学的发展轨迹与科学组织的变革[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2025, 43(8): 1-15.

Guangcai Yan. The Development Trajectory of Big Science and the Transformation of Scientific Organizations[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2025, 43(8): 1-15.

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