华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 14-23.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2016.01.002

• 教育基本理论 • 上一篇    下一篇

竞争的德性及其在教育中的扩张

高德胜   

  1. 南京师范大道德教育研究所,南京 210097
  • 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 高德胜
  • 作者简介:高德胜
  • 基金资助:

    基金项目:国家社科基金(教育学)一般课题 “道德冷漠与道德教育”(BEA120030)及“江苏省2011计划基础教育人才培养模式”。

The Morality of Competition and its Expansion in Education

GAO De-Sheng   

  1. Research Institution of Moral Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
  • Online:2016-03-15 Published:2016-03-31
  • Contact: GAO De-Sheng
  • About author:GAO De-Sheng

摘要: 在很大程度上,现代教育是竞争为基本运行逻辑的,竞争理应纳入教育研究的视野。本文旨在思考竞争的德性、竞争对现代教育的附体是如何完成的、后果是什么。通过哲学透视与事实分析,发现竞争以人人为己为出发点,内在地包含着对他人的排斥与打击,是一种“灵恶”;现代教育无论从动力、组织条件、内在结构,还是从运行方式、评价标准、精神气质上都是竞争的;竞争借教育之身所传之道,无外乎人人为己、道德冷漠、竞争就是人际关系的全部、学习的工具性、人的工具性等。竞争对教育的附体,窒息了教育的灵魂,对人类也是贻害无穷。在现今的教育框架内,教育是无法摆脱竞争控制的。教育还魂的希望,只能寄托于新的教育革命。

Abstract:      Today competition is around us anywhere and anytime. Viewed from its origin, education has nothing to do with competition based on winning or losing. The original education was the result of leisure, while modern education is based on the logic of competition. Modern education is combined with competition, but education researchers keep a blind eye to the research of competition. This indifference should be examined and competition should be included in the field of education research.      Competition has its own functions in its particular ways and ranges. It’s elusive and tends to be pervasive in all human activities. Moreover, it’s kind of a demonic evil, and its first rule “every man for himself” inherently implies the exclusion of others. A demonic evil implies that competition is an evil. However, the demonic evil is not absolute, there is good elements in it. Competition, as a demonic evil, can stimulate humans to cooperate, though it can also disseminate selfishness and moral indifference. Living in a world of competition, people tend to sacrifice everything just for winning. As a result, people can tolerate and even do something beyond human bottom line. Competition is so cunning that humans cannot see its true colors.       Today, education and competition are intertwined with each other. Modern education is totally competitive, as can be observed either from its motivation, organizational conditions and its internal structures, or from its operating modes, evaluation standards and its spirits. Modern education is hunted by competition. If ancient education was for spiritual promotion, then modern education is totally for survival. Modern education is basically delivered by government schools. The government attempts to promote its international competitiveness by controlling education. The competition of modern education is structured, and is controlled by the government system to an extreme degree. Test scores become the main and only standard of competition. Another characteristic of competitionfocused education is that competition has become a culture of education.       What competition has conveyed through education institutions is nothing but selfishness and moral indifference. Competition involves everything about interpersonal relationships, representing the instrumentality of learning and humans. From the perspective of education’s sustainability and humanity, it’s imperative to get rid of the appendage of competition in education.