教育、出身与政策:少数民族大学生入学机会的分配机制研究

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2018.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文借鉴已有研究理论和成果，利用清华大学"中国大学生学习与发展追踪研究"（CCSS）数据，构建包含家庭出身、教育经历和招生政策在内的影响少数民族大学生入学机会的分析框架。采用"高等教育阶层辈出率"、逻辑回归模型和系数集束化方法对少数民族总体及案例民族大学生进行分析，结果发现：在民族招生政策的倾斜和调整下，少数民族的大学入学机会以学生的高中教育经历及内化的学习能力为主要分配依据；随着大学层级的提高，教育经历和学习能力的主导作用更为明显，体现了高等学校招生过程中明显的"绩效"和"选拔"取向；少数民族群体平均受教育水平越低，父母职业分化引起的大学入学机会越不均衡，说明家庭出身对高层级大学入学机会的影响仍然比较显著；现行民族招生政策有效均衡了民族聚居地区和非聚居地区学生进入高层级大学的学习机会，但相对来说，对"211"大学入学机会的影响大于对"985"大学入学机会的影响。

关键词: 少数民族大学生, 入学机会, 影响机制

Abstract: Surveys on minority students' access to higher education tend to involve little pre-college ex-perience and policy data. Based on existing theory and data from the China College Student Survey (CCSS, 2011-2016), this study developed a new framework to analyze minority students' access to higher education. Related factors are grouped into three dimensions:family background, pre-college educational experience and educational policy. Using the higher education stratification mobility rate, logistic regression model and the Sheaf Coefficients, the authors found that, with equal opportunity policy in place, pre-college educational ex-periences are the main factors influencing minority students' access to higher education, especially in elite u-niversities enrollment. Moreover, the lower average level of education an ethnic group received, the less bal-anced level of their access to higher education caused by their parents' occupation differentiation. This means that the influence of family background on access to elite university opportunity is still significant. National education policy can effectively balance the access to elite universities in inhabited and non-inhabited areas of minority.

Key words: minority students, access to higher education, allocation mechanism

黄雨恒, 史静寰. 教育、出身与政策:少数民族大学生入学机会的分配机制研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2018, 36(4): 62-70+163+164.

HUANG Yuheng, SHI Jinghuan. Education, Background and Policy: The Allocation Mechanism of Minority Students' Access to Higher Education[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2018, 36(4): 62-70+163+164.

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