华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1-13.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.09.001

• 拔尖创新人才培养(特约主持人:李曼丽) •    

响应失灵:拔尖创新人才培养“高支持-低转化”中介机制解释

李曼丽, 乔伟峰   

  1. 清华大学教育学院,北京 100084
  • 接受日期:2026-06-24 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-29
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金(2023年度)教育学重大项目“拔尖创新人才选拔与培养研究”(项目编号:VFA230007)。

Response Failure: An Intermediary Mechanism Explanation for the “High Support-Low Conversion” Phenomenon in Top-Talent Cultivation

Manli Li, Weifeng Qiao   

  1. School of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Accepted:2026-06-24 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-29

摘要:

拔尖创新人才培养中存在“高支持-低转化”现象,其核心症结在于“响应失灵”。本文旨在从学理上解释这一现实困境。基于本土实践经验,本文提出了“支持-响应-发展(S-R-D)”分析框架,进一步将支持性指标划分为思维性、自主性、情境性三个维度,以响应性指标为中介变量,尝试在培养支持与学生发展之间建立桥梁。该框架旨在提供一个新的分析工具,为我国拔尖创新人才培养项目的改进提供理论支撑。本文采用此分析框架,对我国实施的少年班和拔尖计划1.0等人才培养改革项目进行了深描,初步揭示了培养支持与学生发展之间的动态复杂关系,对破解拔尖创新人才培养“响应失灵”问题提供了改进思路。

关键词: 拔尖创新人才培养, 响应失灵, “支持-响应-发展”分析框架

Abstract:

There exists a “high support-low conversion” phenomenon in top-talents cultivation, with its core crux lying in “response failure”. This study aims to explain this practical dilemma theoretically. Rooted in local practical experience, this paper proposes a “Support–Response–Development” (S-R-D) analytical framework. further subdivides support indicators into three dimensions—cognitive, autonomous, and contextual—while employing response indicators as mediating variables, attempting to establish a bridge between cultivation support and student development. This framework aims to provide a novel tool and theoretical underpinning for the improvement of top-talent cultivation programs in China. Applying this analytical framework, this paper conducts a thick description of talent cultivation reform programs such as the Special Class for the Gifted Young and the Basic Science Top-Notch Student Training Program 1.0, preliminarily revealing the dynamic and complex relationship between cultivation support and student development, and offering improvement insights for addressing the “response failure” problem in cultivating top-notch students.

Key words: top-talent cultivation, response failure, “Support–Response–Development” framework