华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1-15.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.05.001

• 基本理论与基本问题 •    

中国教育生态指数：概念、指标与测评

张志勇1, 赵新亮2, 纪效珲2   

  1. 1. 北京师范大学中国教育与社会发展研究院，北京 100875
    2. 北京教育科学研究院高等教育科学研究所，北京 100036
  • 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-04-27
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金教育学重点课题“完善党对教育工作全面领导的制度研究”（AAA200006）。

China Education Ecological Index: Concept, Indicators, and Evaluation

Zhiyong Zhang1, Xinliang Zhao2, Xiaohui Ji2   

  1. 1. China Institute of Education and Social Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2. Institute of Higher Education, Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing 100036, China
  • Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-04-27

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摘要：

良好的教育生态是高质量教育体系的应有之义，更是建成教育强国的核心标志。本文基于系统论、环境论和功能论视角，借鉴“第四代评价”理论，通过多轮次德尔菲法构建了包含教育公平、规范办学、师生负担、协同育人和学生发展等五个维度的教育生态指数评价指标体系。研究以2024年全国31个省、自治区、直辖市的10651份入户调查数据为基础进行教育生态指数测评，结果显示，全国教育生态指数平均得分为66.70分，通过聚类分析可将31个省级单位划分为四类，呈现东部引领、东北紧随、西部居中、中部追赶的梯度格局。研究发现，地方党委政府教育政绩观偏差、教育资源配置对经济发展的依附、家校社协同育人薄弱是影响教育生态的主要因素。建议重构教育政绩观以导正教育评价指挥棒、建立绩效导向的教育资源配置机制、发挥课堂教学提质和“双减”政策协调效能、推进家校社协同育人法治化建设、建立健全负面清单管理机制，推动中国基础教育生态从“应试取向”向“和谐育人”转型，全面助力教育强国建设。

关键词: 教育生态, 指数测评, 公平优质, 教育政绩观, 入户调查

Abstract:

A good educational ecology is an inherent part of a high-quality education system and a core indicator of building a strong educational nation. Based on the perspectives of systems theory, environmental theory, and functionalism, this paper draws on the “fourth-generation evaluation” theory and constructs an evaluation index system for the educational ecology index through multiple rounds of Delphi method, encompassing five dimensions: educational equity, standardized school operation, teacher and student burden, collaborative education, and student development. The educational ecology index is evaluated based on 10,651 household survey data from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government in 2024. The evaluation results show that the average score of the national educational ecology index is 66.70. Through cluster analysis, the 31 provincial units can be divided into four categories, presenting a gradient pattern of the eastern region leading, the northeastern region following closely, the western region in the middle, and the central region catching up. The study finds that the main factors affecting the educational ecology include deviations in the educational performance view of local party committees and governments, the dependence of educational resource allocation on economic development, and weak collaboration in home-school-community education. It is suggested to reconstruct the educational performance view to guide the educational evaluation baton, establish a performance-oriented educational resource allocation mechanism, leverage the quality improvement of classroom teaching and the coordination effect of the “double reduction” policy, promote the legalization of home-school-community collaboration in education, establish and improve a negative list management mechanism, and drive the transformation of China’s basic education ecology from “exam-oriented” to “harmonious education”, fully supporting the construction of a strong educational nation.

Key words: educational ecology, index evaluation, fair and high-quality, educational performance perspective, door-to-door survey