农村中小学教师工资与流失意愿关系探究

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为加强乡村教师队伍建设，近年我国政府出台了多项重要政策吸引、保留优秀教师并激励他们努力工作。其中教师工资是一项重要政策工具，而其效果如何有待考察。本文使用2016年辽宁、云南、贵州、重庆和广西五省市（自治区）五个县的问卷调查数据，应用投资模型分析我国农村中小学教师工资与流失意愿之间的关系。研究结果发现：样本农村教师中有17.8%和20.3%的比例有更换学校意愿和退出教师职业的意愿，存在流失隐患；农村中小学教师平均工资低于同期全国、西部地区城镇单位就业人员平均工资，缺乏外部竞争力。教师工资水平是影响教师流失意愿的首要因素，现有农村教师生活津补贴过低，未能起到保留教师的作用；学生群体特征和教师专业发展活动等非货币性因素对教师流失意愿也有显著影响；男性教师和未婚教师更倾向于流失。

关键词: 农村教师, 教师工资, 农村教师生活津补贴, 教师流失意愿

Abstract:

In rural backwards areas teacher recruitment and retention remains a major problem in many countries. In order to improve the overall quality of rural teachers, the Chinese government has issued a number of important policy documents to attract, retain and encourage outstanding teachers in recent years. Among them, teacher's salary is an important policy tool, and its effect remains to be observed. In this paper, we used questionnaire survey data from five counties in Liaoning, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Guangxi Provinces in 2016, and using investment model and compensatory wage difference theory to explore the relationship between teachers' salary and their turnover intention in rural primary and secondary schools. The results show that about 20% of the rural teachers tended to leave. The average salary of rural teachers in five counties was lower than that of urban employees in the same period. Teachers' salary level is the primary factor that affects teachers' turnover intention, and existing rural teachers' subsidies (153 yuan monthly) are too low to retain teacher. Non-monetary factors, such as students' group characteristics and teacher professional development activities, also have significant impact on teacher turnover intention. Male and unmarried teachers are more likely to leave. Also, the related policies of retaining rural teachers are discussed.

Key words: rural teacher, teacher salary, teacher subsidy, teacher turnover intention

杜屏, 谢瑶. 农村中小学教师工资与流失意愿关系探究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2019, 37(1): 103-115+169.

DU Ping, XIE Yao. A Study on Teacher Salary and Teacher Turnover Intention in Rural Primary and Secondary Schools[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2019, 37(1): 103-115+169.

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