华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 84-96.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.007

• 中国经验 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国农村贫困地区6-30月龄儿童喂养状况和影响因素的实证研究

汤蕾, 罗霞, 李英, 聂景春, 杨吉酉, 刘涵   

  1. 陕西师范大学教育实验经济研究所, 西安 710119
  • 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-05-21
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（71803108）；高等学校学科创新引智计划（B16031）。

An Empirical Study on the Status and Determinants of Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices in Poor Rural Areas of China

Tang Lei, Luo Xia, Li Ying, Nie Jingchun, Yang Jiyou, Liu Han   

  1. Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
  • Online:2019-05-20 Published:2019-05-21

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摘要：

儿童生命早期是决定其未来健康状况和能力发展的最关键时期，并将长期影响儿童的生存、生长、发育、人力资本积累以及未来一生的收入水平。本研究采用来自秦巴山区农村地区的1802名6-30月龄儿童及其家庭的基线和追踪调研数据，通过描述性分析和逻辑回归模型方法分析了婴幼儿照养人的喂养行为现状及其影响因素。本研究发现，秦巴山区农村照养人存在过早停止母乳喂养的情况，仅有27%的婴幼儿在6个月前进行了纯母乳喂养，42%的婴幼儿母乳喂养持续到1周岁，从未纯母乳喂养过的婴幼儿比例高达39%。从辅食喂养情况来看，样本地区6-23月龄儿童中能够达到食物最小多样性的儿童比例为36%，该水平低于其他东亚和太平洋国家农村地区的均值（56.7%），但远高于非洲和南亚国家农村地区的均值（14.1%-23.7%）。秦巴山区农村照养人喂养行为不佳的一个可能原因是他们缺少可靠的知识和信息来源。此外，喂养行为与照养人的教育水平成显著正相关关系。因此，如何为农村地区的照养人，尤其是教育水平较低的照养人，提供儿童生长发育和喂养知识的支持与指导是一个必要且重要的研究方向。

关键词: 婴幼儿, 农村贫困地区, 母乳, 辅食, 喂养行为

Abstract:

The early years of children's life is the most critical period that determines their health and ability development, and will have lasting effects on their survival, growth, development, human capital accumulation and adulthood income levels. In this study, we used baseline and follow-up survey data of 1,802 children aged 6-30 months old and their families from rural areas of Qinba Mountain, and analyzed the status and determinants of the feeding practices of primary caregivers of the sample children by descriptive analysis and a logistic regression model. We found that rural caregivers in the Qinba mountain stopped breastfeeding too early and relied too much on formula feeding. Regarding the complementary feeding, the proportion of the children who achieved the minimum food diversity in the sample area was 36%, which is lower than the average value of rural areas in other East Asian and Pacific countries (56.7%), but much higher than the average value of rural areas in Africa and South Asia (14.1%-23.7%). One possible reason for the poor feeding practices is that the rural caregivers lacked reliable sources of knowledge and information. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between feeding practices and caregivers' education levels. It is thus a necessary and important research direction to explore the ways to provide knowledge and guidance on children's feeding practices for rural caregivers, especially those with lower education levels.

Key words: infants, poor rural areas, breast milk, complementary feeding, feeding behavior