华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 33-46.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.09.002
• “中国青少年社会与情感能力发展水平报告”专刊 • 上一篇 下一篇
高星原1, 陈红燕2, 吴洁1, 黄忠敬1
出版日期:
2021-09-20
发布日期:
2021-08-17
基金资助:
Xingyuan Gao1, Hongyan Chen2, Jie Wu1, Zhongjing Huang1
Online:
2021-09-20
Published:
2021-08-17
摘要:
任务能力是社会与情感能力的重要组成部分,在OECD的研究框架下包含自控力、责任感和毅力3项能力。基于苏州市10岁组和15岁组学生参与OECD社会与情感能力测评的数据,本研究采用描述统计、差异检验和回归分析等统计方法对苏州市学生的任务能力表现予以呈现。研究发现,自控力、责任感和毅力与其他能力具有显著相关,部分得分在年龄、性别、城乡上存在显著差异,在普高与职高间存在差异;任务能力受背景、学生、教师、学校和家庭层面相关因素的影响较为显著;对健康、幸福感、满意度、考试焦虑、亲近家人和亲近他人等生活结果变量有显著影响。基于以上发现,我们对学校教育者、政策制定者以及教育研究者提出一些建议。
高星原, 陈红燕, 吴洁, 黄忠敬. 任务能力:中国青少年社会与情感能力测评分报告之一[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021, 39(9): 33-46.
Xingyuan Gao, Hongyan Chen, Jie Wu, Zhongjing Huang. Task Performance: Report on the Study on Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescence (I)[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(9): 33-46.
表 1
苏州市学生任务能力3项子能力得分的平均数和标准差(M±SD)"
子能力 | 10岁组 | 15岁组 | |||||
学生自评 | 家长评定 | 教师评定 | 学生自评 | 家长评定 | 教师评定 | ||
自控力 | 612.57±101.12 | 546.82±81.86 | 2.42±0.73 | 572.69±77.1 | 575.23±77.57 | 2.48±0.56 | |
责任感 | 640.02±114.73 | 565.88±87.92 | 2.62±0.77 | 580.42±87.91 | 588.96±93.71 | 2.68±0.58 | |
毅力 | 649.76±109.03 | 563.02±81.64 | 2.6±0.9 | 571.64±77.94 | 582.5±80.71 | 2.72±0.66 |
表 2
子能力间的相关系数"
10岁组 | 15岁组 | |||||||
自控力 | 责任感 | 毅力 | 自控力 | 责任感 | 毅力 | |||
任务能力 | 自控力 | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — | |
责任感 | 0.61 | 1.00 | — | 0.55 | 1.00 | — | ||
毅力 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 1.00 | ||
情绪调节 | 抗压力 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.43 | |
乐观 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.51 | ||
情绪控制 | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.55 | ||
协作能力 | 共情 | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.59 | 0.57 | |
信任 | 0.32 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.48 | ||
合作 | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.44 | 0.63 | 0.61 | ||
开放能力 | 宽容度 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.44 | |
好奇心 | 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.55 | 0.65 | ||
创造力 | 0.54 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.39 | 0.47 | 0.54 | ||
交往能力 | 乐群 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 0.41 | |
果敢 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.35 | ||
活力 | 0.43 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.52 |
表 6
背景变量对任务能力的回归结果"
自控力 | 责任感 | 毅力 | ||||||||||
系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | ||||
10岁组 | 女生 | 0.02 | 5.97 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 15.81 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 6.12 | <0.01 | ||
年龄(月) | 0.02 | 5.96 | <0.01 | ?0.01 | ?3.07 | <0.01 | 0.00 | ?0.29 | 0.77 | |||
父母最高学历 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.88 | 0.03 | 10.23 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 4.83 | <0.01 | |||
家庭拥有物 | 0.27 | 79.80 | <0.01 | 0.22 | 66.07 | <0.01 | 0.27 | 79.89 | <0.01 | |||
家庭设备 | 0.00 | ?1.27 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.96 | ?0.01 | ?3.47 | <0.01 | |||
家庭藏书量 | 0.08 | 21.82 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 35.69 | <0.01 | 0.10 | 27.69 | <0.01 | |||
15岁组 | 女生 | ?0.14 | ?31.84 | <0.01 | ?0.04 | ?8.59 | <0.01 | ?0.12 | ?28.23 | <0.01 | ||
年龄(月) | 0.03 | 6.48 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 7.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 4.82 | <0.01 | |||
父母最高学历 | 0.05 | 11.14 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 6.95 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 6.62 | <0.01 | |||
家庭拥有物 | 0.17 | 34.77 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 28.00 | <0.01 | 0.20 | 40.66 | <0.01 | |||
家庭设备 | ?0.03 | ?5.74 | <0.01 | 0.00 | ?0.20 | 0.84 | ?0.03 | ?6.12 | <0.01 | |||
家庭藏书量 | 0.07 | 13.64 | <0.01 | 0.08 | 15.16 | <0.01 | 0.08 | 15.13 | <0.01 |
表 7
学生变量对任务能力的回归结果"
自控力 | 责任感 | 毅力 | ||||||||||
系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | ||||
10岁组 | 安全感 | 0.23 | 66.11 | <0.01 | 0.23 | 67.67 | <0.01 | 0.29 | 89.05 | <0.01 | ||
朋友关系 | 0.13 | 33.29 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 47.41 | <0.01 | 0.16 | 43.51 | <0.01 | |||
好习惯朋友 | 0.19 | 55.72 | <0.01 | 0.20 | 60.25 | <0.01 | 0.21 | 63.09 | <0.01 | |||
同学友好 | 0.01 | 2.99 | <0.01 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.96 | ?0.01 | ?3.03 | <0.01 | |||
朋友高期望 | 0.05 | 17.47 | <0.01 | ?0.01 | ?3.35 | <0.01 | ?0.01 | ?2.24 | 0.03 | |||
社会关系广泛 | ?0.02 | ?5.21 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 4.22 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 6.67 | <0.01 | |||
室内活动时间 | 0.02 | 5.79 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 7.79 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 7.57 | <0.01 | |||
上网时间 | ?0.04 | ?11.93 | <0.01 | ?0.07 | ?21.05 | <0.01 | ?0.05 | ?15.79 | <0.01 | |||
室外活动时间 | 0.03 | 8.44 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 20.00 | <0.01 | 0.06 | 16.67 | <0.01 | |||
成长型思维 | 0.03 | 9.87 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 16.99 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 16.65 | <0.01 | |||
人口学变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | |||||||||
15岁组 | 安全感 | 0.11 | 22.22 | <0.01 | 0.20 | 41.41 | <0.01 | 0.28 | 60.66 | <0.01 | ||
朋友关系 | 0.10 | 19.59 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 28.32 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 24.99 | <0.01 | |||
好习惯朋友 | 0.14 | 27.37 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 28.26 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 28.21 | <0.01 | |||
同学友好 | 0.05 | 9.64 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 9.22 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 3.14 | <0.01 | |||
朋友高期望 | 0.02 | 3.80 | <0.01 | ?0.02 | ?4.88 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 5.51 | <0.01 | |||
社会关系广泛 | 0.04 | 7.67 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 5.57 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 8.48 | <0.01 | |||
室内活动时间 | 0.03 | 5.83 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 9.24 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 14.06 | <0.01 | |||
上网时间 | ?0.08 | ?15.39 | <0.01 | ?0.10 | ?18.81 | <0.01 | ?0.13 | ?26.13 | <0.01 | |||
室外活动时间 | 0.05 | 9.60 | <0.01 | 0.06 | 11.31 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 14.23 | <0.01 | |||
成长型思维 | 0.09 | 20.41 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 24.19 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 28.92 | <0.01 | |||
人口学变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
表 8
教师变量对任务能力的回归结果"
自控力 | 责任感 | 毅力 | ||||||||||
系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | ||||
10岁组 | 教师高期望 | 0.04 | 12.86 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 3.24 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 1.91 | 0.06 | ||
师生关系 | 0.18 | 56.15 | <0.01 | 0.19 | 59.87 | <0.01 | 0.20 | 63.50 | <0.01 | |||
教龄 | 0.04 | 13.79 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 16.97 | <0.01 | 0.06 | 19.07 | <0.01 | |||
教师学历 | 0.01 | 2.88 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 6.38 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 9.19 | <0.01 | |||
培训机会 | ?0.02 | ?6.89 | <0.01 | ?0.02 | ?6.05 | <0.01 | ?0.02 | ?6.81 | <0.01 | |||
培训频率 | 0.05 | 14.13 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 4.55 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 12.06 | <0.01 | |||
15岁组 | 教师高期望 | 0.02 | 5.48 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 5.86 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 9.51 | <0.01 | ||
师生关系 | 0.15 | 32.49 | <0.01 | 0.20 | 44.66 | <0.01 | 0.20 | 46.00 | <0.01 | |||
教龄 | 0.00 | 0.36 | 0.72 | 0.00 | ?0.87 | 0.38 | 0.00 | ?0.71 | 0.48 | |||
教师学历 | 0.03 | 6.13 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 1.85 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 5.21 | <0.01 | |||
培训机会 | 0.01 | 1.31 | 0.19 | ?0.01 | ?1.82 | 0.07 | ?0.01 | ?1.71 | 0.09 | |||
培训频率 | ?0.02 | ?5.14 | <0.01 | ?0.01 | ?2.98 | <0.01 | ?0.01 | ?2.81 | 0.01 | |||
人口学变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
表 9
学校变量对任务能力的回归结果"
自控力 | 责任感 | 毅力 | ||||||||||
系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | ||||
10岁组 | 学校归属感 | 0.26 | 71.51 | <0.01 | 0.32 | 91.64 | <0.01 | 0.33 | 94.80 | <0.01 | ||
学校合作氛围 | 0.15 | 43.78 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 51.63 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 52.01 | <0.01 | |||
学校竞争氛围 | 0.05 | 17.63 | <0.01 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.73 | 0.03 | 9.45 | <0.01 | |||
校园欺凌 | ?0.03 | ?9.60 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 1.76 | 0.08 | ?0.01 | ?4.09 | <0.01 | |||
校外活动 | 0.07 | 23.59 | <0.01 | 0.08 | 26.06 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 37.01 | <0.01 | |||
人口学变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | |||||||||
15岁组 | 学校归属感 | 0.13 | 27.49 | <0.01 | 0.27 | 56.60 | <0.01 | 0.29 | 62.32 | <0.01 | ||
学校合作氛围 | 0.12 | 23.26 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 22.08 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 27.24 | <0.01 | |||
学校竞争氛围 | 0.05 | 10.12 | <0.01 | 0.06 | 13.48 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 11.97 | <0.01 | |||
校园欺凌 | ?0.09 | ?18.86 | <0.01 | ?0.05 | ?12.14 | <0.01 | ?0.05 | ?12.24 | <0.01 | |||
校外活动 | 0.08 | 17.15 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 21.78 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 32.46 | <0.01 | |||
人口学变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
表 10
家庭变量对任务能力的回归结果"
自控力 | 责任感 | 毅力 | ||||||||||
系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | 系数 | t值 | p值 | ||||
10岁组 | 理解型母亲 | 0.08 | 23.20 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 35.26 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 39.03 | <0.01 | ||
惩罚型母亲 | 0.05 | 13.39 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 13.32 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 16.10 | <0.01 | |||
理解型父亲 | 0.12 | 36.12 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 33.72 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 42.30 | <0.01 | |||
惩罚型父亲 | 0.00 | ?1.30 | 0.19 | ?0.02 | ?5.44 | <0.01 | ?0.02 | ?5.64 | <0.01 | |||
亲子问题 | ?0.15 | ?46.09 | <0.01 | ?0.13 | ?40.86 | <0.01 | ?0.15 | ?46.67 | <0.01 | |||
家长高期望 | 0.15 | 49.61 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 41.76 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 44.84 | <0.01 | |||
人口学变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | |||||||||
15岁组 | 理解型母亲 | 0.09 | 16.75 | <0.01 | 0.10 | 18.32 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 16.77 | <0.01 | ||
惩罚型母亲 | ?0.03 | ?5.88 | <0.01 | ?0.02 | ?3.66 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 3.69 | <0.01 | |||
理解型父亲 | 0.10 | 19.22 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 25.39 | <0.01 | 0.14 | 28.68 | <0.01 | |||
惩罚型父亲 | 0.03 | 6.92 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 14.94 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 15.61 | <0.01 | |||
亲子问题 | ?0.12 | ?23.40 | <0.01 | ?0.16 | ?30.28 | <0.01 | ?0.22 | ?42.96 | <0.01 | |||
家长高期望 | 0.09 | 19.29 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 24.59 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 27.75 | <0.01 | |||
人口学变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
表 11a
任务能力对生活结果变量的回归结果(10岁组)"
语文成绩 | 数学成绩 | 艺术成绩 | |||||||||
系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | |||
自控力 | 0.05 | 12.57 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 10.39 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 8.47 | <0.01 | ||
责任感 | 0.09 | 19.51 | <0.01 | 0.10 | 20.85 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 23.71 | <0.01 | ||
毅力 | 0.01 | 1.66 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 2.24 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 2.26 | 0.02 | ||
教育期望 | 全球意识 | 健康 | |||||||||
系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | |||
自控力 | 0.03 | 7.99 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 34.25 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 10.30 | <0.01 | ||
责任感 | 0.04 | 9.78 | <0.01 | 0.12 | 28.36 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 8.61 | <0.01 | ||
毅力 | 0.01 | 2.62 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 19.76 | <0.01 | 0.18 | 38.75 | <0.01 | ||
幸福感 | 满意度 | 考试焦虑 | |||||||||
系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | |||
自控力 | 0.11 | 28.40 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 20.97 | <0.01 | ?0.06 | ?14.87 | <0.01 | ||
责任感 | 0.12 | 29.07 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 15.78 | <0.01 | ?0.08 | ?17.90 | <0.01 | ||
毅力 | 0.25 | 59.21 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 36.92 | <0.01 | ?0.20 | ?41.70 | <0.01 | ||
亲近家人 | 亲近他人 | ||||||||||
系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | ||||||
自控力 | 0.09 | 21.32 | <0.01 | 0.06 | 14.24 | <0.01 | |||||
责任感 | 0.07 | 15.97 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 24.06 | <0.01 | |||||
毅力 | 0.11 | 22.91 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 28.63 | <0.01 |
表 11b
任务能力对生活结果变量的回归结果(15岁组)"
语文成绩 | 数学成绩 | 艺术成绩 | |||||||||
系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | |||
自控力 | 0.02 | 4.07 | <0.01 | 0.00 | ?0.29 | 0.77 | ?0.02 | ?3.08 | <0.01 | ||
责任感 | ?0.01 | ?1.73 | 0.08 | ?0.01 | ?1.42 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 4.06 | <0.01 | ||
毅力 | 0.02 | 2.80 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 5.53 | <0.01 | 0.05 | 5.54 | <0.01 | ||
教育期望 | 全球意识 | 健康 | |||||||||
系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | |||
自控力 | 0.04 | 7.32 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 19.83 | <0.01 | ?0.01 | ?2.07 | 0.04 | ||
责任感 | 0.00 | 0.26 | 0.80 | 0.09 | 14.84 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 14.79 | <0.01 | ||
毅力 | 0.02 | 2.75 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 15.72 | <0.01 | 0.21 | 32.20 | <0.01 | ||
幸福感 | 满意度 | 考试焦虑 | |||||||||
系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | |||
自控力 | ?0.02 | ?3.88 | <0.01 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 2.82 | 0.01 | ||
责任感 | 0.09 | 14.38 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 14.32 | <0.01 | ?0.03 | ?4.49 | <0.01 | ||
毅力 | 0.35 | 56.72 | <0.01 | 0.25 | 38.81 | <0.01 | ?0.12 | ?17.34 | <0.01 | ||
亲近家人 | 亲近他人 | ||||||||||
系数 | t | P | 系数 | t | P | ||||||
自控力 | ?0.02 | ?3.60 | <0.01 | ?0.05 | ?9.48 | <0.01 | |||||
责任感 | 0.09 | 14.53 | <0.01 | 0.10 | 15.24 | <0.01 | |||||
毅力 | 0.18 | 27.91 | <0.01 | 0.21 | 32.60 | <0.01 |
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