任务能力：中国青少年社会与情感能力测评分报告之一

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.09.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

任务能力是社会与情感能力的重要组成部分，在OECD的研究框架下包含自控力、责任感和毅力3项能力。基于苏州市10岁组和15岁组学生参与OECD社会与情感能力测评的数据，本研究采用描述统计、差异检验和回归分析等统计方法对苏州市学生的任务能力表现予以呈现。研究发现，自控力、责任感和毅力与其他能力具有显著相关，部分得分在年龄、性别、城乡上存在显著差异，在普高与职高间存在差异；任务能力受背景、学生、教师、学校和家庭层面相关因素的影响较为显著；对健康、幸福感、满意度、考试焦虑、亲近家人和亲近他人等生活结果变量有显著影响。基于以上发现，我们对学校教育者、政策制定者以及教育研究者提出一些建议。

关键词: 任务能力, 自控力, 责任感, 毅力, 尽责性, 社会与情感能力测评

Abstract:

Task performance is an important part of social and emotional skills. Under the research framework of OECD, it includes three skills: self-control, responsibility and persistence. Based on the data of 10-year-old and 15-year-old students’ participation in OECD Social and Emotional Skills Study in Suzhou, the current paper presents the task performance results of Suzhou students by using descriptive statistics, difference test and regression analysis. The study finds that self-control, responsibility and persistence are significantly related to other skills, and there are significant differences in age and gender, between urban and rural areas, and between general high schools and vocational high schools. Task performance is significantly affected by the relevant factors of background, students, teachers, school and family. It has a significant impact on life outcome variables such as health, well-being, satisfaction, test anxiety, closeness to family and closeness to others. Based on the findings, we make several recommendations for school educators, policy makers and researchers.

Key words: task performance: self-control, responsibility, persistence, conscientiousness, study on social and emotional skills, ?

高星原, 陈红燕, 吴洁, 黄忠敬. 任务能力：中国青少年社会与情感能力测评分报告之一[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021, 39(9): 33-46.

Xingyuan Gao, Hongyan Chen, Jie Wu, Zhongjing Huang. Task Performance: Report on the Study on Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescence (I)[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(9): 33-46.

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子能力	10岁组			15岁组
子能力	学生自评	家长评定	教师评定	学生自评	家长评定	教师评定
自控力	612.57±101.12	546.82±81.86	2.42±0.73	572.69±77.1	575.23±77.57	2.48±0.56
责任感	640.02±114.73	565.88±87.92	2.62±0.77	580.42±87.91	588.96±93.71	2.68±0.58
毅力	649.76±109.03	563.02±81.64	2.6±0.9	571.64±77.94	582.5±80.71	2.72±0.66

		10岁组			15岁组
		自控力	责任感	毅力	自控力	责任感	毅力
任务能力	自控力	1.00	—	—	1.00	—	—
	责任感	0.61	1.00	—	0.55	1.00	—
	毅力	0.66	0.72	1.00	0.60	0.72	1.00
情绪调节	抗压力	0.40	0.45	0.50	0.24	0.32	0.43
	乐观	0.47	0.52	0.56	0.33	0.46	0.51
	情绪控制	0.58	0.55	0.59	0.51	0.47	0.55
协作能力	共情	0.60	0.65	0.67	0.47	0.59	0.57
	信任	0.32	0.42	0.42	0.28	0.42	0.48
	合作	0.58	0.67	0.69	0.44	0.63	0.61
开放能力	宽容度	0.49	0.48	0.53	0.35	0.43	0.44
	好奇心	0.60	0.63	0.69	0.46	0.55	0.65
	创造力	0.54	0.57	0.59	0.39	0.47	0.54
交往能力	乐群	0.39	0.48	0.47	0.27	0.41	0.41
	果敢	0.37	0.37	0.39	0.22	0.34	0.35
	活力	0.43	0.52	0.55	0.31	0.45	0.52

年龄组	子能力	均数差（M-F）	Cohen’s d	P值
10岁组	自控力	?8.80	?0.09	0.01
	责任感	?16.63	?0.15	< 0.01
	毅力	?9.89	?0.09	0.01
15岁组	自控力	17.03	0.22	< 0.01
	责任感	2.53	0.03	0.39
	毅力	14.82	0.19	< 0.01

年龄组	子能力	均数差（R-C）	Cohen’s d	P值
10岁组	自控力	?19.93	?0.2	< 0.01
	责任感	?26.82	?0.23	< 0.01
	毅力	?24.93	?0.23	< 0.01
15岁组	自控力	?13.72	?0.17	< 0.01
	责任感	?13.84	?0.15	< 0.01
	毅力	?14.14	?0.18	< 0.01

性别	子能力	均数差（H-V）	Cohen’s d	P值
男	自控力	12.38	0.15	< 0.01
	责任感	1.93	0.02	0.69
	毅力	5.36	0.07	0.22
女	自控力	4.65	0.07	0.27
	责任感	5.01	0.06	0.33
	毅力	3.93	0.05	0.38