华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 38-47.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.07.003

• 基本理论与基本问题 • 上一篇    下一篇

义务教育阶段课前服务难题及其治理——基于系统论视角的分析

王丹艺1,2, 崔允漷2   

  1. 1. 成都市教育科学研究院，成都 610036
    2. 华东师范大学课程与教学研究所，上海 200062
  • 接受日期:2022-04-08 出版日期:2022-07-01 发布日期:2022-07-04
  • 基金资助:
    教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中小学课程实施过程质量监测”（16JZD047）

The Solution to Before-school Service in Compulsory Education：An Analysis Based on the Systematic Theory

Danyi Wang1,2, Yunhuo Cui2   

  1. 1. Chengdu Academy of Education Science, Chengdu 610036, China
    2. Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Accepted:2022-04-08 Online:2022-07-01 Published:2022-07-04

RichHTML

36

PDF

475

摘要：

义务教育阶段课前服务是困扰着我国当前政府、学校与家庭的问题之一。本文以学生到校时间及课前活动作为课前服务时长及内容的参照，从系统论的视角构建家庭与学校两要素的课前服务系统模型，用以分析义务教育阶段课前服务系统的现状。调查显示，我国中小学生到校时间过早，早于家长上班时间；我国中小学校课前活动时间和活动内容难以起到准备作用。过早的到校时间使家庭原本的照顾功能被部分转嫁给学校，过长过杂的课前活动使学校课前活动的准备功能受到威胁，这都导致了我国目前的课前服务系统岌岌可危。我们应从时间、内容、保障及监管四个方面建立立体化的课前服务体系，从四个方面复位家庭和学校在课前服务系统中结构与功能：设立中小学生最早到校时间，进一步明确家庭应有的照顾功能；出台课前活动时长及内容的规定，恢复课前活动应有的准备功能；提供有偿课前托管服务，划分家长与学校的功能界限；完善课前服务政策规定，建立配套的课前服务监管机制。

关键词: 义务教育, 课前服务, 到校时间, 课前活动, 系统论

Abstract:

The before-school service in compulsory education in China has become a problem puzzling the government, schools and families. This article uses the arrival time of students at school and before-school activities as the analytical reference of the length and content of before-school service. From the perspective of systematic theory, we construct a before-school service system model consisting of family and school, to analyze the before-school service system in the compulsory education. The survey shows that Chinese students arrive too early, before the time for their parents to go to work; the duration of Chinese before-school activities is too long, and the content of the activities is difficult to prepare for the first lesson. The early arrival time causes part of the family’s care function to be transferred to the school; too long and complicated before-school activities threaten the preparation function of before-school activities in schools, which endangers the current before-school service system in China. Therefore, it is suggested that the earliest time for school students to arrive at school should be set and the care functions of the family should be clarified. Also, regulations on the length and content of before-class activities should be introduced in order to restore the necessary preparation functions of before-class activities. In addition, paid before-class care service should be provided; the functional boundaries between parents and the school should be divided; before-class service policies and regulations should be promulgated; a supporting before-class service supervision mechanism should be established. In this way, the three-dimensional before-class service system can be established from four aspects of time, content, guarantee and supervision, thus the structural and functional misalignment of the family and school in the before-school service system is restored to ensure the smooth operation of the before-school service system.

Key words: compulsory education, before-school services, arrival time at school, before-school activities, systematic theory