How School Education Contributes to the Social and Emotional Development of Students: A Study Based on Cluster Analysis

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2024.05.004

Abstract

Abstract:

This study focuses on five key school influencing factors perceived by students: student-classmate relationship, student-teacher relationship, teacher feedback, extra-curricular activities, and sense of belonging at school, and investigates how they collectively impact the social and emotional skills development of students. Utilizing data from the OECD's SSES2023 China survey, which includes a total of 7,648 students aged 10 and 15, we conducted a cluster analysis with the aforementioned five influencing factors as variables. By employing variance analysis and post-hoc tests, we uncovered differences in social and emotional competencies among student groups categorized by these factors. The study identifies five student clusters based on the perceived five school variables: School Satisfaction Group (students scoring high on all five school influencing factors), Social Advantage Group (students scoring high on student-classmate relationship, student-teacher relationship, and student-classmate relationship, student-teacher relationship), Diverse Interest Group (students scoring highest on extra-curricular activities), Feedback Proficient Group (students scoring high on teacher feedback), and School Support Group (students scoring lowest on all five school influencing factors). Among these, students in the School Satisfaction Group demonstrate the most outstanding performance in social and emotional skills, while the School Support Group exhibits the weakest performance. Furthermore, the Social Advantage Group, Diverse Interest Group, and Feedback Proficient Group show variations across different age groups and skill levels. This study not only provides robust data support for schools to conduct social and emotional skills but also offers empirical evidence for understanding the comprehensive influence of school factors on students' social and emotional skills development. It is of significant importance for guiding schools to formulate targeted teaching strategies and intervention measures, thus promoting students’ comprehensive and healthy development.

Key words: social and emotional skills, school influencing factors, cluster analysis

Jing Zhang, Jie Zheng, Haili Cui, Lijun Zhang. How School Education Contributes to the Social and Emotional Development of Students: A Study Based on Cluster Analysis[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(5): 72-82.

Figures/Tables 10

	10岁组						15岁组
变量	学校满意组（1）	社交优势组（2）	多元兴趣组（3）	反馈达人组（4）	学校助力组（5）	F与事后检验	学校满意组（1）	社交优势组（2）	多元兴趣组（3）	反馈达人组（4）	学校助力组（5）	F与事后检验
毅力	781.42	734.36	661.15	636.79	600.74	312.27^*** 1>2>3>4>5	681.75	573.66	593.66	581.26	528.34	266.91^*** 1>3>4≈2>5
责任感	786.56	736.71	661.88	639.19	607.87	268.84^*** 1>2>3>4>5	691.78	599.79	610.97	595.14	544.83	219.16^*** 1>3>2≈4>5
自控力	815.43	714.20	617.17	595.15	562.88	306.07^*** 1>2>3>4>5	670.92	564.99	586.37	567.93	526.61	157.87^*** 1>3>4≈2>5
成就动机	770.67	710.37	643.58	623.69	593.05	320.92^*** 1>2>3>4>5	657.05	554.86	582.91	570.51	515.81	267.84^*** 1>3>4>2>5
抗压力	667.42	611.61	552.34	539.77	516.48	266.50^*** 1>2>3>4>5	584.34	513.19	526.09	514.20	470.98	157.74^*** 1>3>4≈2>5
乐观	716.17	670.31	595.32	574.30	542.36	368.43^*** 1>2>3>4>5	645.81	556.75	562.32	549.46	493.54	322.78^*** 1>3≈2>4>5
情绪控制	719.01	664.25	587.68	569.83	546.48	248.13^*** 1>2>3>4>5	614.54	537.44	537.66	525.61	487.12	157.60^*** 1>3≈2>4>5
共情	746.90	695.32	614.95	606.51	585.34	225.83^*** 1>2>3≈4>5	703.75	615.96	631.17	613.89	594.87	96.18^*** 1>3>2≈4>5
合作	886.16	821.97	685.55	657.69	619.48	408.95^*** 1>2>3>4>5	748.97	613.56	620.17	607.70	555.92	320.69^*** 1>3≈2≈4>5 3>4
信任	775.31	724.24	616.10	605.50	570.36	279.50^*** 1>2>3≈4>5	667.50	568.46	572.78	557.24	496.43	251.21^*** 1>3≈2>4>5
包容度	737.23	651.01	585.98	570.60	542.89	295.38^*** 1>2>3>4>5	670.84	568.99	595.00	576.26	541.77	181.01^*** 1>3>4≈2>5
好奇心	772.63	686.20	614.18	601.77	566.01	330.51^*** 1>2>3>4>5	686.31	570.23	601.20	585.67	543.25	211.34^*** 1>3>4>2>5
创造性	731.58	649.68	604.82	582.07	547.13	248.62^*** 1>2>3>4>5	628.15	534.49	575.03	548.32	514.84	122.99^*** 1>3>4>2>5
乐群	682.74	636.73	581.48	571.86	540.36	247.95^*** 1>2>3≈4>5	622.14	546.88	560.19	542.17	494.62	200.67^*** 1>3>2≈4>5
果敢	699.05	642.04	587.06	569.66	546.63	233.42^*** 1>2>3>4>5	578.29	524.25	551.99	529.57	484.66	132.96^*** 1>3>4≈2>5
活力	702.77	646.37	578.63	571.66	537.56	238.66^*** 1>2>3≈4>5	590.62	516.13	527.99	509.90	457.34	208.65^*** 1>3>2≈4>5

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	年龄	性别		总计
	年龄	女生	男生	总计
	10岁组	1936	2013	3949
	15岁组	1764	1935	3699
总计		3700	3948	7648

	同学关系（56.96±12.96）	师生关系（55.73±11.53）	教师反馈（7.95±2.32）	课外活动（20.46±8.29）	学校归属感（56.69±12.9）
毅力	0.50^**	0.48^**	0.25^**	0.26^**	0.50^**
责任感	0.48^**	0.45^**	0.22^**	0.24^**	0.51^**
自控力	0.50^**	0.46^**	0.26^**	0.27^**	0.48^**
成就动机	0.51^**	0.48^**	0.27^**	0.29^**	0.49^**
抗压力	0.49^**	0.43^**	0.26^**	0.25^**	0.50^**
乐观	0.56^**	0.48^**	0.26^**	0.27^**	0.58^**
情绪控制	0.47^**	0.41^**	0.22^**	0.22^**	0.49^**
共情	0.46^**	0.42^**	0.22^**	0.21^**	0.42^**
合作	0.56^**	0.51^**	0.25^**	0.25^**	0.56^**
信任	0.54^**	0.45^**	0.24^**	0.20^**	0.50^**
包容度	0.50^**	0.44^**	0.29^**	0.28^**	0.46^**
好奇心	0.51^**	0.48^**	0.30^**	0.28^**	0.49^**
创造性	0.45^**	0.40^**	0.27^**	0.31^**	0.44^**
乐群	0.47^**	0.39^**	0.25^**	0.25^**	0.55^**
果敢	0.45^**	0.39^**	0.24^**	0.25^**	0.43^**
活力	0.47^**	0.41^**	0.25^**	0.22^**	0.52^**

	同学关系（53.92±11.37）	师生关系（51.55±10.81）	教师反馈（7.62±2.05）	课外活动（17.06±6.39）	学校归属感（50.05±10.69）
毅力	0.44^**	0.46^**	0.35^**	0.27^**	0.47^**
责任感	0.42^**	0.41^**	0.27^**	0.23^**	0.47^**
自控力	0.36^**	0.37^**	0.28^**	0.24^**	0.37^**
成就动机	0.44^**	0.48^**	0.37^**	0.29^**	0.46^**
抗压力	0.35^**	0.32^**	0.26^**	0.21^**	0.46^**
乐观	0.49^**	0.43^**	0.30^**	0.22^**	0.61^**
情绪控制	0.38^**	0.34^**	0.20^**	0.16^**	0.46^**
共情	0.32^**	0.30^**	0.16^**	0.17^**	0.29^**
合作	0.52^**	0.47^**	0.30^**	0.25^**	0.54^**
信任	0.51^**	0.42^**	0.28^**	0.18^**	0.50^**
包容度	0.37^**	0.38^**	0.28^**	0.25^**	0.38^**
好奇心	0.38^**	0.42^**	0.32^**	0.25^**	0.39^**
创造性	0.29^**	0.31^**	0.27^**	0.26^**	0.32^**
乐群	0.38^**	0.30^**	0.27^**	0.25^**	0.57^**
果敢	0.29^**	0.28^**	0.28^**	0.27^**	0.38^**
活力	0.40^**	0.35^**	0.27^**	0.24^**	0.55^**

变量	10岁组						15岁组
变量	学校满意组（N = 440）	社交优势组（N = 551）	多元兴趣组（N = 501）	反馈达人组（N = 890）	学校助力组（N = 1196）	F	学校满意组（N = 477）	社交优势组（N = 743）	多元兴趣组（N = 504）	反馈达人组（N = 917）	学校助力组（N = 851）	F
同学关系	75.59	71.34	53.33	52.49	48.55	1486.08^***	75.54	54.22	52.22	51.64	44.78	1763.96^***
师生关系	71.83	68.99	52.71	52.35	47.68	1521.20^***	71.24	50.19	50.18	51.39	42.64	1487.69^***
教师反馈	11.07	7.53	7.64	9.48	6.01	1195.46^***	9.35	6.03	8.29	9.21	5.88	1209.52^***
课外活动	29.47	18.31	31.74	17.65	15.45	1173.10^***	20.40	15.08	26.62	14.62	13.84	819.56^***
学校归属感	73.99	67.99	53.71	54.63	48.21	875.22^***	65.85	51.74	49.98	49.04	40.59	875.84^***

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